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Neurophysiology The Central Auditory System
Built from Haynes-Glasscock-Shambaugh Surgery of the Ear, Seventh Edition
What’s inside
6 sections · 109 slides
Overview and methods of study
- Scope of the central auditory system
- Plan of this account
- Animal models in auditory research
- Limitations of human auditory study
- Anatomical and physiological study methods
- Consequence of the subunit approach
- Broad brain mapping strategies
- Electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography
- Ascending lemniscal pathway
- Central auditory pathway in the feline model
- Auditory nuclei and decussation in the brainstem
Cochlear nucleus
- Auditory nerve input to the cochlear nucleus
- Divisions of the cochlear nucleus
- Projections of the ventral cochlear nucleus
- Bifurcation of entering auditory nerve fibres
- Frequency laminae in the ventral cochlear nucleus
- Neuronal populations of the ventral cochlear nucleus
- Effects of ventral cochlear nucleus lesions
- Deprivation and rescue of cochlear nucleus synapses
- Ventral cochlear nucleus and hyperacusis
- Functional profile of the dorsal cochlear nucleus
- Output neurons and inputs of the dorsal cochlear nucleus
- Layered organisation of the dorsal cochlear nucleus
- Granule, pyramidal and cartwheel cells
- Deep layer neurons of the dorsal cochlear nucleus
- Head-related transfer function
- Type IV neurons and spectral cue coding
- Dorsal cochlear nucleus and the tinnitus model
- Phantom sound generation and bimodal plasticity
- Acoustic trauma and spectral representation
- Spectral coding accuracy after acoustic trauma
- Dorsal acoustic stria lesions
- Sound source elevation after dorsal stria lesion
Auditory brainstem pathways
- Nuclei of the superior olivary complex
- Binaural cues computed in the superior olive
- Olivocochlear feedback: functions and circuitry
- Medial olivocochlear effects on the cochlea
- Medial olivocochlear neurons projecting to both cochleae
- Medial olivocochlear terminals on outer hair cells
- Cortical control of the olivocochlear reflex
- Consequences of losing olivocochlear feedback
- Structure of the medial superior olive
- Medial superior olive and azimuthal localisation
- Unilateral devices and loss of binaural cues
- Structure and inputs of the lateral superior olive
- Interaural level differences and head size
- Organisation of the inferior colliculus
- Lateralised frequency input to the central nucleus
- Lesions of the inferior colliculus and lemniscus
- Excitatory and inhibitory balance in the colliculus
- Inferior colliculus hyperactivity and its disorders
- Audiogenic seizures and GABA sensitivity
Auditory thalamus
- Divisions of the medial geniculate body
- Inputs to the ventral medial geniculate
- Physiology of the ventral division neurons
- Medial geniculate abnormalities in dyslexia
- Left medial geniculate and speech in noise
- Mismatch negativity and the extralemniscal thalamus
- Thalamocortical output and descending feedback
- Corticofugal control of the auditory thalamus
- Cortical modulation of thalamic frequency responses
Auditory cortex
- Role of the auditory cortex
- Location of the human auditory cortex
- Primary auditory field A1
- The auditory core areas
- Tonotopic map of the primary auditory cortex
- Primary auditory cortex and association areas on MRI
- Belt and parabelt regions
- Cortical projections beyond the auditory areas
- Auditory hallucination and corollary discharge
- Connectivity findings in auditory hallucination
- Localisation of hallucination-related activity
- Cortical activity during musical improvisation
- Emotional context and improvisation networks
- Cortical activation during improvisation by emotion condition
- Music-evoked emotion in the auditory cortex
- Music as a probe of higher auditory function
- Auditory objects and parallel cortical streams
- Dual stream model of auditory processing
- Dual pathways and organisation of the auditory cortex
- Cooling deactivation of cat auditory fields
- Parallel processing in the human auditory cortex
- Remaining gaps in cortical understanding
Summary
- Conclusions from the chapter
- Localisation deficits by lesion site
- Central mechanisms in tinnitus and hyperacusis
- Preserved principles across the pathway
- References
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- Haynes-Glasscock-Shambaugh Surgery of the Ear, Seventh Edition
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