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Ophthalmology
Orthoptic Appliances
Built from Strabismus Simplified, Second Edition
What’s inside
10 sections · 118 slides
Overview
- Scope of this topic
Principle of dissociation
- Rationale for dissociation
- Methods of dissociating the two eyes
- Diagnostic uses of orthoptic appliances
- Therapeutic uses of orthoptic appliances
Synoptophore and haploscopic instruments
- Haploscopic principle and the amblyoscope
- Synoptophore
- Models of the synoptophore
- Base unit and optical tubes
- Slide carrier and eyepiece optics
- Movements available at the tubes
- Slide series of the synoptophore
- Diagnostic functions of the synoptophore
- Special diagnostic functions
- Therapeutic functions of the synoptophore
- Technique of examination on the synoptophore
- Recording deviation components on the synoptophore
- Measurement of fusion range
Anti-suppression and vergence instruments
- Cheiroscope
- Uses and limitations of the cheiroscope
- Pigeon-Cantonnet stereoscope: design
- Pigeon-Cantonnet stereoscope in position 1
- Pigeon-Cantonnet stereoscope in position 2
- Position 1 of the Pigeon-Cantonnet stereoscope
- Measurement of deviation in position 2
- Other uses of position 2
- Stereoscopes: definition and indications
- Design of the Holmes, Keystone and Asher-Law stereoscopes
- Training relative accommodation and relative convergence
- Remy separator
- Diploscope
- The diploscope card and its letters
- Fixation points and perceptions on the diploscope
- Stereogram cards
- Reading bars
Measuring appliances
- Maddox tangent scale
- Maddox rod
- Maddox tangent scale
- Maddox rod used without the tangent scale
- Maddox wing
- Using and interpreting the Maddox wing
- Near point rulers
- RAF binocular gauge
- Technique of near point measurement
- Normal values for near points
- Bishop Harman diaphragm test
- Responses on the Bishop Harman diaphragm test
- Prism bar and loose prisms
- Fresnel membrane prisms
- Bagolini striated glasses
- Neutral density filters and graded density bars
- Red and green glasses
- Other tests that use red-green goggles
- Worth four dot test
- Responses on the Worth four dot test
Hess and Lees screens
- Purpose of Hess screening
- Lees screen and Hess screen
- Design of the original Hess screen
- Technique on the Hess screen
- Lees screen
- Technique on the Lees screen
- Hess screen compared with Lees screen
Pleoptic and fixation instruments
- Visuscope
- Grading of eccentric fixation
- Visuscope with tangent scale for correspondence
- Projectoscope
- Two methods of pleoptic therapy
- Euthyoscope
- Alternascope and afterimage maintenance
- Haidinger brushes and the coordinator
- Cuppers binocular coordinator
- Space coordinator
Tests for stereopsis
- Definition of stereopsis
- Principles underlying stereotests
- Near stereotests and their equipment
- Additional near stereotest grades
- Distance stereotests and their equipment
- TNO test
- TNO test: method, advantages and limitations
- Titmus stereo test
- Limitations of the Titmus test
- Stereo butterfly test
- Randot stereotest
- Lang stereotest
- Advantages and cost of the Lang test
- Lang two pencil test
- Stereopsis testing with the synoptophore
- Confirmation of a stereoacuity result
- Rationale for distance stereotesting
- Frisby Davis Distance stereotest
- Advantages of the Frisby Davis Distance test
- Distance Randot stereotest
Hess charting in ocular motility disorders
- Convention for reading Hess charts
- Lateral rectus palsy of the left eye
- Right lateral rectus underaction of recent onset
- Right lateral rectus underaction of long standing
- Bilateral asymmetric lateral rectus palsy
- Left third nerve palsy
- Right fourth nerve palsy
- Right superior oblique underaction of long standing
- Bilateral asymmetric fourth nerve palsy
- Left Duane retraction syndrome
- Right Brown syndrome
- Blow-out fracture of the right orbit
- Binocular fields of fixation
Summary
- Instruments grouped by function
- Instrument dimensions and normal values
- Core concepts of orthoptic appliances
- Strabismus Simplified