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Ophthalmology
Esotropia
Built from Strabismus Simplified, Second Edition
What’s inside
5 sections · 72 slides
Esodeviations and their classification
- Clinical importance of esodeviations
- Two axes of classification
- Incomitant esodeviations
- Concomitant esodeviations
- Nonaccommodative concomitant subtypes
Essential infantile esotropia
- Essential infantile esotropia: definition and importance
- Bruckner reflex in infantile esotropia
- Ocular alignment in the newborn period
- Timing of diagnosis and the role of observation
- Clinical characteristics: the core features
- Associated motor findings
- Asymmetric optokinetic nystagmus
- Suppression pattern on binocular field testing
- Ciancia syndrome
- Lang's syndrome
- Differential diagnosis: excluding true abduction limitation
- Differential diagnosis: other conditions to exclude
- Etiology of essential infantile esotropia
- Phenomenon of alternating saccadic underaction
- Electro-oculographic saccade recordings in esotropia
- Saccadic underaction in alternating esotropia
- Management: cycloplegic refraction and optical correction
- Detection of amblyopia in the preverbal child
- Occlusion regimen for amblyopia
- Monitoring and endpoint of occlusion therapy
- Timing of surgery
- Factors affecting surgical outcome
- Surgical dosage guidelines
- Principles of surgical planning
- Intraoperative considerations in the infant eye
- Postoperative outcomes after infantile esotropia surgery
- Optimal and desirable outcomes
- Acceptable and unacceptable outcomes
- Esotropia with V pattern before and after surgery
- Role of botulinum toxin injection
Accommodative esotropia
- Accommodative esotropia: definition and classification
- Accommodative esotropia before and after spectacle correction
- Clinical presentation
- Refractive normo-accommodative esotropia
- Refractive hyper-accommodative esotropia
- Nonrefractive accommodative esotropia
- Hypo-accommodative esotropia
- Age of onset
- Management: optical correction
- Bifocals for convergence excess
- Partially accommodative esotropia
- Miotics in accommodative esotropia
Other esodeviations
- Acquired or late-onset non-accommodative esotropia
- Microtropia: definition and spectrum
- Park's monofixation syndrome and Lang's microtropia
- Lang's three types of microtropia
- Consistent findings in microtropia
- Variable findings in microtropia
- Diagnosis and management of microtropia
- Four prism dioptre base out test
- Acute concomitant esotropia
- Subtypes of acute concomitant esotropia
- Management of acute concomitant esotropia
- Cyclic esotropia
- Nystagmus blockage syndrome
- Sensory esotropia
Summary and further reading
- Key numbers to remember
- Summary: diagnostic approach
- Summary: management principles
- Suggested reading
- Suggested reading (continued)
- Strabismus Simplified