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General Surgery
Male Genital System Testis, Epididymis, and Spermatic Cord, Prostate
Built from Skandalakis' Surgical Anatomy: The Embryologic and Anatomic Basis of Modern Surgery
What’s inside
12 sections · 194 slides
Overview
- Organs covered in this topic
- Anatomic and Surgical History of the Male Genital System
- Anatomic and Surgical History of the Male Genital System (continued)
- Anatomic and Surgical History of the Male Genital System (continued)
Embryogenesis of the testis and its descent
- Gonadal genesis
- Testicular gubernaculum
- Gubernacular attachment in undescended testes
- Fascial coverings derived from the abdominal wall
- Female homologues of the gubernaculum
- Descent of the testis from lumbar region to scrotum
- Mechanics of the final descent
- Stages of testicular descent
- Processus vaginalis: closure and remnants
- Hormonal influence on descent
- Testicular hormones and duct differentiation
- Contemporary theories of descent
- Temperature and spermatogenesis
- Female homologue of the processus vaginalis
Congenital anomalies of the male reproductive tract
- Sites of developmental anomalies of the male reproductive tract
- Undescended testis: frequency
- Ectopic and undescended testis: sites and proportions
- Undescended versus ectopic testis
- Functional outcome of the cryptorchid testis
- Histologic changes in the undescended testis
- Timing of orchiopexy and fertility
- Malignancy risk in the cryptorchid testis
- Ectopic testis
- Defects of closure of the processus vaginalis
- Defects of closure of the processus vaginalis
- Classification of processus vaginalis defects
- Congenital and acquired indirect hernia
- Sliding indirect hernia
- Appendix testis and appendix epididymis
- Aberrant ductules and the paradidymis
- Anomalies of the Male Reproductive Tract - onset and first appearance
- Anomalies of the Male Reproductive Tract - onset and first appearance (continued)
- Anomalies of the Male Reproductive Tract - sex, frequency and remarks
- Anomalies of the Male Reproductive Tract - sex, frequency and remarks (continued)
Surgical anatomy of the testis, epididymis and spermatic cord
- Topography of the testis
- Surfaces, borders and level of the testis
- Epididymis and its attachment
- Epididymal branch of the testicular artery in epididymectomy
- Varieties of separation of testis and epididymis
- Contents of the spermatic cord
- Contents of the spermatic cord
- Fasciae of the spermatic cord
- The Spermatic Cord and Its Covering
- The Spermatic Cord and Its Covering (continued)
- Arterial supply of the testis and epididymis
- Collateral circulation of the testis
- Internal arterial distribution within the testis and epididymis
- Deep and superficial venous networks of testis, epididymis and vas
- Cremasteric, deferential and superficial veins
- Anatomic variations of gonadal vein termination
- Number of gonadal venous trunks
- Gonadal Veins: Age, Length, and Diameter Distribution
- Gonadal Veins: Location and Number of Valves
- Gonadal Veins: Collaterals
- Lymphatic drainage of the testis and epididymis
- Innervation of the testis
- Nerves of the cord and scrotal wall
- Histology of the testis
- Dimensions of the seminiferous apparatus
- Pathway of sperm from tubule to urethra
- Physiology of the testis
- Testicular tumours
- Retroperitoneal nodal management
Operations on the testis and their anatomic complications
- Varicocelectomy: indications
- Varicocelectomy: limits of benefit and venous variants
- Protecting the arteries during varicocelectomy
- Orchiopexy: principles
- Retroperitoneal fascial layers in orchiopexy
- Orchiopexy complications
- Orchiectomy: approach and indications
- Orchiectomy complications
Ductus deferens
- Ductus deferens: origin and dimensions
- Pathway of the ductus deferens
- Course of the ductus deferens
- Seminal vesicles and their associated ducts
- Relations and vasculature of prostate, seminal vesicles and ductus deferens
- Relations and termination of the ductus
- Histology and storage function of the ductus
- Vasectomy technique
- Vasectomy complications: bleeding and granuloma
- Vasectomy failure and duplication
Scrotum and the perineal fascial spaces
- Fascial continuities of the perineum
- Two continuous fascial sheets of the perineum
- Variability of the perineal fascial layers
- Development and anomalies of the scrotum
- Skin and fascia of the inguinal area
- Layers of the scrotum in cross section and anterior view
- Eight layers of the scrotum
- Scrotal skin and dartos
- Colles' fascia and the superficial perineal cleft
- Deeper scrotal layers
- Mobility and fixation of the testis
- The Corresponding Layers of the Abdominal Wall and Scrotum
- Vascular supply of the scrotum
- Lymphatics and innervation of the scrotum
- Hydrocelectomy by the bottle neck procedure
Seminal vesicles and ejaculatory ducts
- Seminal vesicles: development and anomalies
- Seminal vesicles and deferent ducts
- Seminal vesicle unraveled
- Arterial supply of the seminal vesicle
- Veins, lymphatics and nerves of the seminal vesicle
- Neural control of erection and ejaculation
- Histology and physiology of the seminal vesicles
- Seminal vesicle secretion
- Forensic markers in seminal fluid
- Ejaculatory ducts: formation and anatomy
- Cross sections of the prostate showing ejaculatory ducts and verumontanum
- Ejaculatory duct in relation to the prostate
Prostate: topography, fixation and zonal structure
- Prostate: development and congenital anomalies
- Size, shape and position of the prostate
- Puboprostatic ligaments and the dorsal vein complex
- Prostatic surfaces: posterior and anterior
- Levator ani and the levator muscle of the prostate
- Fascia of Denonvilliers: development
- Fascia of Denonvilliers and the space of Proust
- Lowsley and McNeal concepts of prostatic structure compared
- McNeal's four anatomic regions of the prostate with proportions
- Zonal anatomy of the prostate as described by McNeal
- Four zones of the prostate
- Reference planes of section through the prostate
- Contour of the prostate in coronal and oblique coronal planes
- Stromal condensation and duct buds in the early embryonic prostate
- Boundary between central and peripheral zones in the coronal plane
- Schematic of the adult prostate with zones and pre-prostatic sphincter
- Terminologia Anatomica description
Prostate: capsules, vessels and innervation
- Capsules of the prostate
- Surgical anatomy of prostatectomy for adenoma
- Arterial supply of the prostate
- Accessory pudendal artery
- Venous drainage of the prostate
- Santorini's venous plexus and the trifurcation of the dorsal vein
- Lymphatic drainage of the prostate
- Autonomic supply of prostate and seminal vesicles
- Topography of the neurovascular bundle
- Anatomy behind the nerve sparing operation
- Reported potency after nerve sparing prostatectomy
- Pelvic floor musculature
- Rectourethralis muscle
- Mid-sagittal section of the male pelvis with perineal approaches
- Fascial layers surrounding the prostate in transverse section
- Fascia of Denonvilliers and the neurovascular bundles in transverse section
- Sagittal oblique view of the male pelvis
- Neuroanatomy of the male pelvis
- Posterior vascular supply to the prostate
- Histology of the prostate
- Physiology of the prostate
Prostatectomy and its anatomic complications
- Striated sphincter and its relation to the prostatic apex
- Complications of transurethral resection
- Stricture and incontinence after resection
- Transabdominal approach: complications
- Radical retropubic prostatectomy: bleeding
- Rectal and ureteric injury
- Nerve injury, contracture and incontinence
- Urethral sphincter complex and perineal prostatectomy
Bulbourethral glands and the male urethra
- Bulbourethral glands of Cowper
- Potential spaces under the urogenital diaphragm
- Development and anomalies of the male urethra
- Gross structure of the urethral segments
- Relationship of bladder, prostate, prostatomembranous urethra and root of penis
- Urethral lumen through its whole length
- Prostatic urethra
- Prostatic urethra in sagittal and oblique coronal view
- Elevations within the prostatic urethral lumen
- Prostatic urethra, verumontanum and crista urethralis in section
- Membranous urethra
- Cross section of the penis
- Vessels, lymphatics and nerves of the urethra
- Histology of the urethral wall
- Urethral rupture: principles of extravasation
- Rupture above the urogenital diaphragm and rupture of the bulbous urethra
- Anterior urethral rupture with intact deep fascia
- Extravasation confined within Buck's fascia
- Disruption of the prostatomembranous urethra
- Epidemiology and management of urethral injury
- References
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- Skandalakis' Surgical Anatomy: The Embryologic and Anatomic Basis of Modern Surgery
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