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General Surgery

Appendix

Built from Skandalakis' Surgical Anatomy: The Embryologic and Anatomic Basis of Modern Surgery

What’s inside

4 sections · 100 slides

  1. 01

    Overview

    • Scope of this topic

    1 slide

  2. 02

    Embryogenesis and congenital anomalies

    • Historical record of appendiceal anatomy and surgery
    • Anatomic and Surgical History of the Appendix
    • Anatomic and Surgical History of the Appendix (continued)
    • Anatomic and Surgical History of the Appendix (continued)
    • Anatomic and Surgical History of the Appendix (continued)
    • Anatomic and Surgical History of the Appendix (continued)
    • Anatomic and Surgical History of the Appendix (continued)
    • Anatomic and Surgical History of the Appendix (continued)
    • Anatomic and Surgical History of the Appendix (continued)
    • Anatomic and Surgical History of the Appendix (continued)
    • Anatomic and Surgical History of the Appendix (continued)
    • Anatomic and Surgical History of the Appendix (continued)
    • Anatomic and Surgical History of the Appendix (continued)
    • Anatomic and Surgical History of the Appendix (continued)
    • Anatomic and Surgical History of the Appendix (continued)
    • Anatomic and Surgical History of the Appendix (continued)
    • Normal development of the appendix
    • Sequence of appendiceal development
    • Medial migration of the appendiceal base
    • Infantile and mature forms of the cecum and appendix
    • Explanations offered for asymmetric appendiceal position
    • Histological maturation of the appendiceal wall
    • Late histological changes and luminal obliteration
    • Congenital anomalies of the appendix
    • Absence of the appendix
    • Requirements before diagnosing appendiceal agenesis
    • Ectopic appendix
    • Causes of a left-sided appendix
    • Reported frequency of left-sided appendix
    • Operative approach when the cecum is not in the right iliac fossa
    • Duplication of the appendix
    • Cave and Wallbridge classification of appendiceal duplication
    • Frequency of duplication and its operative implication
    • Routine intraoperative check for duplication
    • Diverticulosis of the appendix
    • Congenital appendiceal diverticula and heterotopic mucosa

    36 slides

  3. 03

    Surgical anatomy of the appendix

    • Relations of the cecum and appendix
    • Mobility of the appendiceal tip
    • Topographic positions the appendix may occupy
    • Clock-face schema of appendiceal position
    • Wakeley's five typical positions of the appendix
    • Ambiguity of the term retrocecal
    • Comparative series of appendiceal position
    • Survey of the Position of the Appendix, in Per Cent, in Various Materials
    • Survey of the Position of the Appendix, in Per Cent, in Various Materials (continued)
    • Anterior and posterior positions of the appendiceal tip
    • In vivo distribution of appendiceal location
    • Distribution of Locations of the Vermiform Appendix
    • Fixed and mobile retrocecal appendices
    • Puylaert's classification of appendiceal orientation
    • Appendiceal position in an Indian series
    • Showing Various Positions of Appendix and Their Percentage
    • Geographic variation in appendiceal position
    • Positional change and its relation to appendicitis
    • Layers of the appendiceal wall
    • Mucosal immune interface and appendicocutaneous fistula
    • Mesentery of the appendix
    • Morphology and dimensions of the appendix
    • Average Dimensions of the Appendix from Various Sources
    • Average Dimensions of the Appendix from Various Sources (continued)
    • Average Dimensions of the Appendix from Various Sources (continued)
    • Arterial supply of the appendix
    • Arterial patterns supplying the appendix
    • Accessory appendicular arteries and anastomoses
    • Origins of the accessory appendicular arteries
    • Showing Origin of Accessory Appendicular Arteries
    • Venous drainage of the appendix
    • Lymphatic drainage of the appendix
    • Anterior view of appendiceal lymphatic drainage
    • Posterior view of appendiceal and cecal lymphatic drainage
    • Innervation of the appendix
    • Distinguishing histological features of the appendix
    • Physiology of the appendix

    37 slides

  4. 04

    Surgical anatomy of appendectomy

    • Placement of the appendectomy incision
    • Appendectomy incision related to McBurney's point
    • Discrepancy between McBurney's point and the appendiceal base
    • Identification of the cecum and appendiceal base
    • Operative sequence for locating the appendix
    • Apparent absence of the appendix at operation
    • Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy
    • Diagnostic accuracy in acute appendicitis
    • Anatomic complications of appendectomy
    • Summary of Anatomical Complications of Appendectomy
    • Vascular injury during appendectomy
    • Organ injury and fecal fistula
    • Motor nerve injury after a vertical incision
    • Sensory nerve injury after appendectomy
    • Inadequate procedures and how anatomy prevents them
    • Interval appendectomy and appendiceal abscess
    • Change in appendiceal position and direction during pregnancy
    • Key points on development and position
    • Key points on blood supply and operation
    • References
    • References (continued)
    • Skandalakis' Surgical Anatomy: The Embryologic and Anatomic Basis of Modern Surgery
    • Join our WhatsApp groups

    23 slides