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The first 25 slides, exactly as they appear. The full deck has 77 content slides.
Radiology
Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Techniques and Clinical Applications
Built from Obstetric Imaging
What’s inside
7 sections · 77 slides
Foundations
Why a stored block of tissue answers questions a single frozen section cannot
- Fetal anatomy in three dimensions
- Limitations of a single cross-sectional image
- Volume ultrasound and the video analogy
- Two ways of viewing a stored volume
Volume displays
Multiplanar, curved, tomographic and rendered views of the same stored data
- Cross-sectional viewing of a volume
- Multiplanar display
- Multiplanar display of the fetal head at 11 weeks
- Alignment of a volume to standard planes
- Stepwise alignment to extract the median facial profile
- Scan starting plane and range plane inside the volume block
- The reference dot as a navigation tool
- Aligned median profile with facial measurement lines
- Curved reconstruction planes
- Curved-plane reconstruction of the fetal palate
- Tomographic display
- Tomographic sections through the fetal profile
- Surface rendering
- Skin and bone surface rendering of the fetal face
- Skin-to-bone rendering series of one face
Technique
Acquisition and alignment, volume contrast enhancement and surface rendering
- Three determinants of diagnostic quality
- Optimising the two-dimensional image first
- Choosing the starting insonation angle
- Axial and lateral resolution
- The acquisition plane
- The range plane
- Resolution across the reformatted planes
- Multiplanar display after acquisition
- Multiplanar display of the fetal head from lateral insonation
- Workflow for acquiring and aligning a volume
- Volume contrast enhancement
- Noise suppression in volume contrast enhancement
- 1 mm
- Matching slice thickness to the target
- Median section of the fetal trunk with contrast enhancement
- Static and live volume contrast enhancement
- Fetal foot on cross-section and with volume contrast enhancement
- The render box
- Skeletal mode and postprocessing
Fetal brain
Starting angles, fontanels as acoustic windows and the median section
- Brain imaging in the first trimester
- Starting insonation for standard axial sections
- Imaging the posterior fossa
- Sutures and fontanels of the fetal skull
- Median sections and the cerebellar vermis
- Fontanels as acoustic windows
- Transfontanel view of the fetal brain at 33 weeks
- Skull ossification in the third trimester
- Fissures and gyri of the medial brain surface
- Remote review of stored brain volumes
- Teaching and reference atlases
Fetal heart
Motion as a fourth dimension, reconstructed echocardiography and rendered flow
- Motion as the fourth dimension
- Temporal resolution limits of current systems
- Spatiotemporal image correlation
- How a STIC volume is built
- Grayscale and color Doppler STIC
- Uses of a cardiac volume dataset
- Reading a tomographic cardiac display
- Tomographic color Doppler of normal and transposed great arteries
- Parallel great arteries in transposition of the great arteries
- Reconstruction of inner cardiac surfaces
- Rendered en face view of the atrioventricular valve plane
- Blood flow displayed with the surrounding tissue
- Muscular ventricular septal defect with bidirectional shunting
- Blood pool rendering as an internal surface
- Blood pool and color Doppler rendering of the fetal heart
Printed fetal models
From a stored ultrasound volume to a model you can hold
- Three-dimensional printing of fetal volumes
- Physical models in embryology teaching
- From ultrasound scan to a printed embryo in the hand
- From stored volume to printed model
- Printed models of normal and abnormal anatomy
- Printed models from live ultrasound volumes
Clinical practice
Where volume ultrasound earns its place in the obstetric examination
- Structures that benefit most from volume imaging
- “
- Key points
- Summary of the technique
- References
- References (continued)
- Obstetric Imaging: Fetal Diagnosis and Care, 2nd Edition