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The first 25 slides, exactly as they appear. The full deck has 78 content slides.
Radiology
Megacystis-Microcolon-Intestinal Hypoperistalsis Syndrome
Built from Obstetric Imaging
What’s inside
11 sections · 78 slides
Overview
- What you will learn
What the syndrome is
Reading the name, and the one idea behind all of it
- The name, taken apart
- The one idea behind it all
- Four organs, one muscle problem
- Other names for the same condition
- The formal definition
- Full picture at birth
- ~230
- Who is affected
- What is not wrong
The genetics
One gene explains many cases; about half remain unexplained
- How it is inherited
- The main gene: ACTG2
- New mutation or inherited?
- The other genes involved
- Half the cases stay unexplained
- Same genes, very different severity
Why the muscle fails
Muscle theories, nerve theories, and what is still guesswork
- The muscle theory
- Layers of the bowel wall
- The nerve theories
- Other hypotheses
- From gene to fetal scan
- Why the colon ends up tiny
- The colon in a normal fetus
The baby after birth
What is found on examination, and what goes wrong next
- When the diagnosis is usually made
- What is found on examination
- Two clues that point away from a blockage
- Extra findings in boys
- The main problem in the newborn
- How complications build on each other
- Why babies used to die
- The urinary tract at risk
What ultrasound shows
The leading sign, the timing, and the smaller clues around it
- The leading sign on scan
- Dilated fetal bladder in the third trimester
- Reading that image
- Why the amniotic fluid matters so much
- Timing: when the big bladder appears
- Dilated bladder with a keyhole-shaped urethra at 17 weeks
- What the keyhole tells you
- The early and softer clues
- Markedly dilated fetal stomach
- Reading the dilated stomach
- The upper gut can dilate too
- Structural findings that may travel with it
- The classic prenatal presentation
- Building the suspicion
MRI and other tests
Confirming the gut findings, and what fluid chemistry adds
- What MRI adds
- What MRI can show
- Fetal magnetic resonance imaging of the affected abdomen
- Reading that MRI
- Testing the amniotic fluid
- The combination that points to the diagnosis
Telling it apart
The look-alikes, and the one question that separates them
- The main thing it is confused with
- Prune-belly syndrome
- Blocked bladder versus lazy bladder
- The question that splits them
- Why the amniotic fluid rule works
What can be offered
Before birth, and after birth
- Why the bladder is big here
- Vesicoamniotic shunting
- One thing shunting still offers
- Counselling before birth
- First priority after birth
- Feeding the baby
- Surgery on the gut
- Transplantation
- The management ladder
How children do
A prognosis that has genuinely changed
- The old picture
- 12.6%
- What the newer data show
- Reading those numbers carefully
What the referring doctor needs
When to suspect it, and what to do next
- When to suspect it
- What to do next
- Key points
- Key points, continued
- References
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- Obstetric Imaging: Fetal Diagnosis and Care, 2nd Edition