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The first 25 slides, exactly as they appear. The full deck has 64 content slides.
Radiology
Limb-Body Wall Complex
Built from Obstetric Imaging
What’s inside
8 sections · 64 slides
Overview
- What this topic covers
What the condition is
Definition, how common it is, and why it is so serious
- A body that never closed
- The classic triad
- What else is commonly found
- Why the outcome is so poor
- 0.2-3.3
- Clues that should raise suspicion
How the body wall normally closes
The embryology you need before the defect makes sense
- From flat disc to closed tube
- What that folding actually achieves
- Amniotic folds closing over the embryo
- When folding is disturbed
- Which fold fails decides what you see
- Head-end fold defects
- Side and tail-end fold defects
Why it happens
Three classic theories, one newer genetic thread, and the gaps in each
- Four proposed explanations
- Theory one: the amnion tears early
- How bands would damage a limb
- What the amnion theory cannot explain
- More gaps in the amnion theory
- Theory two: the blood supply fails
- The vascular sequence, step by step
- Where the vascular theory struggles
- Theory three: the ectoderm runs short
- How short ectoderm hits the head and face
- How short ectoderm hits the belly wall
- The ectodermal chain of events
- A newer thread: is there a gene?
- The IQCK finding
- How firm is the genetic evidence?
How it presents
The triad, the diagnostic criteria, and two named phenotypes
- How many defects are needed?
- Two named patterns
- The cranioplacental pattern
- The abdominoplacental pattern
- Why the two patterns matter
- Belly wall defect stuck to the placenta
What the scan shows
Ultrasound findings region by region, and the role of MRI
- When the diagnosis gets made
- The belly wall defect on ultrasound
- Massive chest and belly evisceration
- Colour Doppler through the eviscerated organs
- The defect and the sac around it
- Spine and umbilical cord
- Vessels inside the umbilical cord
- Limb findings on the scan
- Constriction rings and missing digits
- Close view of a shortened digit
- Head and face findings
- Where MRI helps
- Fetal MRI of a ventral body-wall defect
Telling it apart
The look-alikes, and the argument that they are all one spectrum
- What else looks like this
- Bowel outside the abdomen beside the cord
- Abdominal wall defect on prenatal ultrasound
- Body stalk anomaly
- One spectrum or three diseases?
Counselling and care
What can be offered, and what the referring clinician must be told
- There is no treatment
- What the referring clinician needs to know
- Key points
- Three things to carry away
- References
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- Obstetric Imaging: Fetal Diagnosis and Care, 2nd Edition