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The first 25 slides, exactly as they appear. The full deck has 59 content slides.
Radiology
Congenital High Airway Obstruction Syndrome and Bronchial Atresia
Built from Obstetric Imaging
What’s inside
10 sections · 59 slides
Overview
- What you will learn here
Start with the normal fetus
You cannot spot the block until you know what an open airway looks like
- The fetal lung is a fluid-filled organ
- Proof the drain is open
- Levels of the airway
- The airway as one drainage pipe
What the disorder is
Two conditions, one mechanism, different levels of block
- Unpacking the name CHAOS
- Unpacking the name bronchial atresia
- Where the block sits
- How often does this happen?
- Why finding it before birth matters
Why it happens
Isolated, syndromic, or squeezed from outside
- Alone, or part of a syndrome
- Fraser syndrome: what to search for
- Blocks that press from outside
- The developmental fault behind it
What the block does to the fetus
Trapped fluid, swollen lungs, a squeezed heart
- One block, one chain of events
- Why blocked lungs get bigger
- Why the airways widen
- What swollen lungs do to the chest
- From a squeezed heart to hydrops
Seeing it on ultrasound
Plane by plane, the signs that clinch the diagnosis
- When and where to look
- The transverse view
- Trapped lungs and flat diaphragms at 22 weeks
- Axial view: both lungs enlarged and bright
- Coronal view: flat diaphragms and dark bronchi
- Two signs that clinch it
- Putting a number on the airway
- The bronchogram in a sagittal view
- The Doppler check
- Normal trachea and normal tracheal flow
- Colour flow moving through an open trachea
- The signs, all on one screen
- Bronchial atresia looks one-sided
- One trapped lung pushing the heart across
- Axial view of a one-sided trapped lung
- What to do once you have found it
MRI and the look-alikes
What magnetic resonance adds, and what can fool you
- What MRI adds
- Why the level of the block matters
- What ultrasound cannot tell you
- The main look-alike
- Reading a big bright lung
Treatment before birth
Doing nothing has a predictable ending
- What happens if nothing is done
- The EXIT procedure
- Surviving is not the same as doing well
- Opening the airway before birth
- What success looks like
- The path from scan to plan
After birth
The problems that follow a rescued airway
- The neonatal period
- The first year
- Later in childhood
- What decides the outlook
Take it away
What to remember and what to say
- What the referring physician needs to know
- Key points
- The whole topic in five lines
- References
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- Suggested readings
- Obstetric Imaging: Fetal Diagnosis and Care, 2nd Edition