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Radiology
Abnormal Kidney Location
Built from Obstetric Imaging
What’s inside
9 sections · 82 slides
Overview
- What this deck covers
What abnormal kidney location means
Naming the four patterns before looking at any scan
- Where a kidney is supposed to sit
- What renal ectopia means
- Two families of the same problem
- Simple renal ectopia
- Pelvic kidney
- Crossed renal ectopia
- Crossed-fused ectopia
- Horseshoe kidney
- Pancake kidney
- The four patterns side by side
- Why any of this matters
- Why finding it before birth is hard
How the kidney ends up in the wrong place
The journey the kidney makes, and where it goes wrong
- The kidney starts life in the pelvis
- The normal journey, step by step
- What goes wrong
- Where each pattern comes from
- From failed climb to blocked drainage
- What an out-of-place kidney looks like
- Fusion comes in several shapes
- How a horseshoe forms
- What the isthmus is made of
- Horseshoe kidney can run in families
How common each pattern is
Numbers, sex differences, and what each type travels with
- How often renal ectopia is registered
- 1 in 700
- What pelvic kidneys run into
- Who gets a pelvic kidney
- 1:3000-1:7000
- The usual crossed anatomy
- What crossed ectopia runs into
- The VACTERL association
- 1 in 2000
- Horseshoe kidney and other organs
- Horseshoe kidney and the genome
- What horseshoe kidneys run into
- Pancake kidney is genuinely rare
- Complications that follow an ectopic kidney
How these children come to attention
Before birth, in childhood, and by accident in adult life
- How the diagnosis surfaces
Finding it on ultrasound
The empty fossa, the lying-down adrenal, and the look of each pattern
- The first clue is an empty parking bay
- Scan in more than one plane
- The search sequence
- The lying-down adrenal sign
- Telling adrenal from kidney
- Where to look for a pelvic kidney
- Pelvic kidney beside the bladder
- What to notice in that image
- One kidney lower than the other
- When the drainage backs up
- Pelvic kidneys with swollen renal pelves
- Swollen calyces and a thinned rim
- What that close-up shows
- Recognising crossed renal ectopia
- Both kidneys on the right side
- What to notice in that image
- The trap with fused kidneys
- Recognising a horseshoe kidney
- What each plane shows
- Band of tissue crossing in front of the aorta
- What to notice in that image
- Isthmus stretching across the fetal pelvis
- The isthmus labelled on a coronal view
- What that close-up shows
- Horseshoe kidney means offer a genetic test
- When both renal fossae are empty
- Fused kidney mass sitting in the pelvis
- What to notice in that image
- Classic signs to carry in your head
- Once you have found it, keep watching
What else it could be
Four look-alikes to exclude before committing to the diagnosis
- Differential diagnosis
After the baby is born
Confirming the diagnosis and heading off complications
- The first steps after delivery
- Where treatment goes from there
- Two extra risks with a horseshoe kidney
What to take away
The scanning habits and the messages that change management
- What the referring doctor needs to know
- ~1:700
- Key points
- One-line recap of each pattern
- References
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- Suggested readings
- Obstetric Imaging: Fetal Diagnosis and Care, 2nd Edition