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The first 25 slides, exactly as they appear. The full deck has 40 content slides.
Ophthalmology
Ophthalmic Manifestations of Head Injury
Built from Khurana — Neuro-Ophthalmology
What’s inside
6 sections · 40 slides
Overview
- What this topic covers
General Considerations
Who gets injured, why the eye doctor is involved, and how to read consciousness
- Why head injury matters
- The ophthalmologist's role is bigger than it looks
- First, grade the level of consciousness
- Glasgow Coma Scale scoring
- How to examine an uncooperative patient
- Points to elicit in the history
- External examination: bruises and bones tell a story
Pupillary Signs
The pupils as windows into the central nervous system
- Pupils are windows to the brain
- What to check in every pupil
- Anisocoria: unequal pupils
- Approach to abnormal pupil size
- Small pupils and fixed dilated pupils
- Hutchinson's pupil: a haemorrhage unfolding in stages
- Unilateral versus bilateral fixed dilated pupils
- Horner's syndrome after head injury
Optic Nerve Dysfunction
When the cable carrying vision is damaged
- Three ways the optic nerve is hit
- Testing vision at the bedside
- What the fundus shows over time
- Two flavours of optic atrophy
- Objective testing with the VEP
Ocular Motility Disturbances
Why the injured eyes fail to move together
- Where eye-movement problems come from
- Supranuclear causes
- The 6th (abducens) nerve: most commonly affected
- The 4th (trochlear) nerve
- The 3rd (oculomotor) nerve
- Nystagmus and other movements
Retinopathies
When the trauma shows up at the back of the eye
- Purtscher retinopathy: what and why
- Purtscher retinopathy: findings and course
- Terson's syndrome
- Key takeaways
- In a comatose head-injury patient, what does one fixed and dilated pupil most likely indicate, and why is it urgent?
- References
- Neuro-Ophthalmology