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Radiology
Pleura, Chest Wall, Diaphragm, and Miscellaneous Chest Disorders
Built from Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology
What’s inside
8 sections · 140 slides
Overview
- What this chapter covers
- Chest disorders at a glance
Pleura
Anatomy and physiology, effusion, fistula, pneumothorax, and focal, diffuse, and asbestos-related disease
- The two layers of the pleura
- Pleural fluid balance
- Normal pleural fluid physiology
- Pathophysiology of abnormal pleural fluid formation
- How pleural disease shows up
- Pleural effusion basics
- Etiology of pleural effusions
- Etiology of pleural effusions (continued)
- Chemical characteristics of transudative versus exudative effusions
- Congestive heart failure effusion
- Parapneumonic effusion and empyema
- Three stages of parapneumonic effusion
- Parapneumonic effusion: anatomy, bacteriology, and chemistry
- Empyema on imaging
- Empyema versus lung abscess
- Empyema versus lung abscess on CT
- Empyema on radiography and CT
- Tuberculous pleural effusion
- Malignant pleural effusion
- Malignant pleural effusion on CT
- Hemothorax
- Hemothorax
- Esophageal perforation and hydrothorax
- Collagen vascular and autoimmune effusions
- Serositis with pleural and pericardial effusions
- Abdominal causes of effusion
- Chylothorax
- Chylous pleural effusions from lymphoma
- Pulmonary embolism and drug effusions
- Managing pleural effusions
- Draining the difficult effusion
- CT-guided empyema drainage with fibrinolytics
- Bronchopleural fistula
- Bronchopleural fistula and empyema
- Pneumothorax basics
- Classifying pneumothorax
- Etiology of pneumothorax
- Etiology of pneumothorax (continued)
- Pneumothorax on upright and supine films
- Pneumothorax in a supine patient
- Traumatic pneumothorax
- Primary spontaneous pneumothorax
- Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax
- Spontaneous pneumothorax in cystic fibrosis
- Catamenial pneumothorax
- How tension pneumothorax develops
- Tension pneumothorax on film
- Tension pneumothorax
- Focal pleural disease
- Focal pleural disease
- Focal pleural disease (continued)
- Pleural calcification
- Pleural calcification after thoracotomy
- Pleural masses
- Pleural lipoma
- Localized fibrous tumor of pleura
- Diffuse pleural disease
- Diffuse pleural disease
- Fibrothorax and trapped lung
- Diffuse pleural fibrosis with lung entrapment
- Pleural malignancy
- Benign asbestos pleural disease
- Calcified pleural plaques and diffuse fibrosis in asbestos disease
- Asbestos effusion and diffuse thickening
- Malignant mesothelioma
- Imaging and staging of mesothelioma
- Mesothelioma
Chest Wall
Soft-tissue disorders and the bony thorax, from congenital anomalies to trauma and tumor
- Chest wall disorders
- Chest wall lesions
- Poland syndrome
- Poland syndrome
- Skin lesions and chest wall abscess
- Chest wall soft tissue tumors
- Congenital rib anomalies
- Rib lesions
- Rib lesions (continued)
- Intrathoracic rib
- Rib notching: inferior
- Rib notching: superior and associations
- Rib and chest wall trauma
- Flail chest
- Nonneoplastic rib lesions
- Fibrous dysplasia of a rib
- Rib neoplasms
- Myeloma producing a chest wall mass
- Blastic bone metastases from lung cancer
- Rib and chest wall infection
- Costal cartilage ossification
- Costal cartilage ossification in men and women
- Scapula
- Winged scapula
- Clavicle
- Thoracic spine
- Rugger jersey spine
- Pectus excavatum
- Pectus excavatum
- Pectus carinatum
- Pectus carinatum
- Sternal trauma and sternotomy infection
Diaphragm
Elevation and depression, paralysis, hernias, and tumors
- Unilateral diaphragmatic elevation
- Unilateral diaphragmatic elevation
- Eventration of the diaphragm
- Causes of diaphragmatic elevation
- Bilateral diaphragmatic elevation
- Diaphragmatic depression
- Diaphragmatic hernias
- Hiatal hernia
- Bochdalek hernia
- Foramen of Bochdalek hernia
- Morgagni hernia
- Foramen of Morgagni hernia
- Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia
- Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia
- Diaphragmatic tumors
Congenital Lung Disease in Adults
Bronchopulmonary sequestration and pulmonary arteriovenous malformations
- Congenital lung lesions in adults
- Bronchopulmonary sequestration
- Intralobar versus extralobar sequestration
- Intralobar pulmonary sequestration
- Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation
Traumatic Lung Disease
Pulmonary contusion, laceration, traumatic lung cyst, and hematoma
- Pulmonary contusion
- Pulmonary contusions and traumatic lung cysts
- Laceration, traumatic cyst, and hematoma
Aspiration
Aspiration pneumonia and pneumonitis, chronic aspiration, and lipoid pneumonia
- Aspiration overview
- Who is at risk and what worsens it
- Radiographic patterns of aspiration
- Aspiration bronchiolitis and pneumonitis
- Chronic aspiration and lipoid pneumonia
- Exogenous lipoid pneumonia
Radiation-Induced Lung Disease
Acute radiation pneumonitis and its progression to fibrosis
- Variables that shape radiation injury
- Acute radiation pneumonitis
- Progression to radiation fibrosis
- Radiation fibrosis
- The radiation lung injury course
- Confirming radiation lung disease
- Key takeaways
- Suggested readings
- Suggested readings
- Brant and Helms' Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology