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Radiology

Mediastinum and Hila

Built from Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology

The first 25 slides of Mediastinum and Hila
The first 25 slides, exactly as they appear. The full deck has 125 content slides.

What’s inside

6 sections · 125 slides

  1. 01

    Overview

    • How mediastinal masses come to light
    • Imaging modalities for the mediastinum
    • Utility of imaging modalities for mediastinal masses
    • Three compartments of the mediastinum

    4 slides

  2. 02

    Anterior mediastinal masses

    Prevascular compartment: thyroid, thymus, germ cell, lymphoma, vascular and mesenchymal lesions

    • Anterior (prevascular) mediastinal masses
    • Anterior (prevascular) mediastinal masses (continued)
    • Vascular 'masses' at the thoracic inlet
    • Tortuous left common carotid artery as a superior mediastinal mass
    • Aneurysms as prevascular masses
    • Thyroid goiter in the mediastinum
    • CT features of thyroid goiter
    • Thyroid goiter
    • Ectopic parathyroid masses
    • Ectopic parathyroid adenoma
    • Lymphangioma (cystic hygroma)
    • Thymoma: the basics
    • Thymic epithelial neoplasms: WHO spectrum
    • Thymoma: imaging and invasion
    • Noninvasive thymoma
    • Thymoma: invasion and spread
    • Invasive thymoma
    • Thymic cysts
    • Thymolipoma
    • Thymic carcinoid
    • Thymic hyperplasia
    • Thymic hyperplasia
    • Thymic lymphoma
    • Lymphoma: the most common mediastinal neoplasm
    • Hodgkin disease versus NHL in the chest
    • Hodgkin lymphoma
    • Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
    • Lymphoma on imaging
    • Lymphoma: treatment and residual masses
    • Treated Hodgkin lymphoma with calcified nodes
    • Germ cell neoplasms
    • Teratoma and malignant germ cell tumors
    • Mature teratoma
    • Malignant nonseminomatous germ cell tumor
    • Mesenchymal tumors of the mediastinum
    • Mediastinal liposarcoma

    36 slides

  3. 03

    Middle mediastinal masses

    Visceral compartment: lymph nodes, cysts, esophagus, and vessels

    • Middle (visceral) mediastinal masses
    • Middle (visceral) mediastinal masses (continued)
    • Middle mediastinal lymph nodes
    • CT density of mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes
    • Azygos continuation of the IVC
    • Sampling and staging mediastinal nodes
    • Right hilar and middle mediastinal lymphoma
    • Lung cancer and nodal metastases
    • Small cell carcinoma with hilar nodal enlargement
    • Sarcoidosis and infection nodes
    • Tuberculous lymph node enlargement
    • Castleman disease
    • Bronchogenic cyst
    • Bronchogenic cyst: pitfalls and care
    • Bronchogenic cyst
    • Pericardial cyst and fat pad
    • Pericardial cyst
    • Epipericardial fat pad
    • Tracheal and central bronchial masses
    • Esophageal carcinoma
    • Benign esophageal masses and diverticula
    • Dilated esophagus (achalasia)
    • Achalasia
    • Esophageal varices and hiatal hernia
    • Hiatal hernia
    • Other hiatal contents and enteric cysts
    • Pancreatic pseudocyst as mediastinal mass
    • Esophageal duplication cyst
    • Vascular, phrenic, and diaphragmatic lesions

    29 slides

  4. 04

    Posterior mediastinal masses

    Paravertebral compartment: neurogenic tumors and spinal lesions

    • Posterior (paravertebral) mediastinal masses
    • Neurogenic tumors: three families
    • Schwannoma and neurofibroma
    • Schwannoma
    • Sympathetic ganglion tumors
    • Ganglioneuroma
    • Paraganglioma
    • Four ways the spine makes a paraspinal mass
    • Spinal lesions: telling them apart
    • Thoracic spine discitis/osteomyelitis
    • Lateral thoracic meningocele
    • Malignant nodes and tissue sampling

    12 slides

  5. 05

    Diffuse mediastinal disease

    Infection, hemorrhage, lipomatosis, malignancy, and pneumomediastinum

    • Diffuse mediastinal widening
    • Acute mediastinitis: causes
    • Acute mediastinitis: presentation and films
    • Acute mediastinitis: diagnosis and outlook
    • Acute mediastinitis
    • Chronic fibrosing mediastinitis
    • Fibrosing mediastinitis: imaging
    • Fibrosing mediastinitis
    • Mediastinal hemorrhage
    • Mediastinal hematoma from aortic injury
    • Mediastinal lipomatosis
    • Mediastinal lipomatosis
    • Diffuse malignant infiltration
    • Pneumomediastinum: sources and mechanism
    • Pneumomediastinum: the Macklin effect
    • Causes of pneumomediastinum
    • Pneumomediastinum: triggers
    • Pneumomediastinum: from the airways and esophagus
    • Pneumomediastinum: symptoms
    • Pneumomediastinum

    20 slides

  6. 06

    The hila

    Unilateral and bilateral enlargement, and small hila

    • Reading the hilum
    • Unilateral hilar enlargement
    • Unilateral hilar enlargement: malignancy
    • Bronchogenic carcinoma with hilar nodes
    • Extrathoracic nodal metastases to the hilum
    • Hilar nodal metastases from ovarian carcinoma
    • Unilateral hilar enlargement: infection
    • Pulmonary artery enlargement as a hilar mass
    • Idiopathic pulmonary artery dilatation
    • Left hilar enlargement in pulmonic stenosis
    • Bronchogenic cyst at the hilum
    • Bilateral hilar enlargement
    • Bilateral hilar enlargement: lymph nodes
    • Sarcoidosis and the 1-2-3 sign
    • Sarcoidosis with bilateral hilar adenopathy
    • Berylliosis and silicosis
    • Bilateral pulmonary artery enlargement
    • Bilateral hilar enlargement in pulmonary hypertension
    • Small hilum or hila
    • Small hila
    • Takeaways
    • Suggested readings
    • Suggested readings
    • Brant and Helms' Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology

    24 slides