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Radiology
Introduction to Cardiac Anatomy, Physiology, and Imaging Techniques
Built from Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology
What’s inside
9 sections · 112 slides
Overview
- What this topic covers
- Imaging techniques covered
Cardiac Position and Situs
Where the heart lies and how organs are arranged
- Heart position terms
- Normal chest radiograph
- Situs solitus
- Situs inversus totalis
- Kartagener syndrome with situs inversus
- Situs ambiguous and isomerism
- Situs classification
Chambers and Great Vessels
Right and left heart, pulmonary vessels, aorta, coronaries, conduction
- Right atrium
- Cardiothoracic anatomy: frontal view
- Right atrial landmarks
- Right ventricle
- Right ventricle landmarks
- Cutaway views of the right atrium and right ventricle
- Right versus left ventricle
- Bisection through the long axis of the heart
- Pulmonary arteries
- Pulmonary veins
- Partial versus total anomalous venous return
- Left atrium
- Left ventricle
- Left ventricle inflow and outflow
- Cutaway views of the left ventricle and left atrium
- Aorta and aortic valve
- Coronary arteries
- Ligamentum arteriosum
- Conduction system
- Conduction pathway
Cardiac Physiology
The cardiac cycle: diastole and systole
- The cardiac cycle
- Cardiac cycle phases
- Diastole
- Systole
Chest Radiography
Projections, heart size, and chamber enlargement
- Chest radiography basics
- Frontal projection borders
- Lateral projection borders
- Cardiothoracic ratio
- 0.5
- Left atrial enlargement
- Left atrial enlargement: indirect signs
- Left atrial enlargement on chest radiograph
- Right atrial enlargement
- Left ventricular enlargement
- Left ventricular enlargement
- Right ventricular enlargement
- Right atrial and right ventricular dilation
Echocardiography
Transthoracic windows and transesophageal views
- Echocardiography overview
- Transthoracic windows and views
- Echocardiography: parasternal long-axis view
- Echocardiography: apical four-chamber view
- Transesophageal echocardiography
Nuclear Imaging
Perfusion, function, and inflammation
- Nuclear imaging overview
- Radionuclide ventriculography
- Myocardial perfusion imaging
- MPI defect patterns
- PET imaging
- FDG-PET in cardiac sarcoidosis
Cardiac CT
ECG synchronization, calcium scoring, and coronary CTA
- Cardiac CT overview
- Prospective ECG-triggering
- Step-and-shoot and single axial
- Prospective ECG-triggering: step-and-shoot
- Prospective ECG-triggering: single axial acquisition
- High-pitch helical prospective
- Prospective gating: high-pitch helical technique
- Retrospective ECG gating
- Retrospective ECG gating
- ECG dose modulation
- Retrospective gating with ECG dose modulation
- Prospective versus retrospective gating
- Coronary artery calcium score
- Coronary artery calcium score CT
- Coronary CT angiography
- Coronary CT angiography
Cardiac MRI
Structure, function, flow, and tissue characterization
- Cardiac MRI overview
- Gadolinium safety
- MRI and implanted devices
- Cardiac MRI indications and workflow
- Cardiac imaging planes
- Cardiac MRI imaging planes
- Cardiac MRI planes
- Cine imaging
- Volume and function
- Mitral regurgitation on cine MRI
- Phase contrast MRI
- Phase contrast MRI
- 4D flow MRI
- 4D flow phase contrast MRI
- Late gadolinium enhancement
- Late gadolinium enhancement: normal myocardium
- LGE technique
- Myocardial infarct on LGE MRI
- T2-weighted imaging
- Myocarditis on cardiac MRI
- T2 imaging
- T2 imaging in iron overload
- Parametric mapping
- T1 mapping
- T1 mapping in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- T2 mapping
- T2 mapping in stress cardiomyopathy
- Perfusion imaging
- Stress perfusion MRI and catheter angiography
- Key takeaways
- Suggested readings
- Suggested readings
- Suggested readings
- Suggested readings
- Suggested readings
- Suggested readings
- Suggested readings
- Suggested readings
- Brant and Helms' Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology