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The first 25 slides, exactly as they appear. The full deck has 89 content slides.
Radiology
Basics of Angiography and Arterial Disease – (angiography)
Built from Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology
What’s inside
8 sections · 89 slides
Overview
- What angiography is
- The roadmap of angiography
History of Angiography
How angiography waited for imaging and a safe contrast agent
- Why angiography arrived late
- From papyrus to Harvey
- Röntgen discovers the x-ray
- Röntgen's radiograph of his wife's hand
- The first angiogram
- The first angiogram
- First steps in living subjects
- Finding a safe contrast agent
- First human arteriography
- Moniz and cerebral angiography
- dos Santos and the aortogram
- dos Santos' peripheral arterial angiograms
- Catheter pioneers
- Cournand and the Nobel Prize
- The Seldinger sequence
- Why Seldinger widened the bore
- Seldinger's first case
- “
- Angiography milestones
The X-Ray Photon
How photons from the tube become an image
- How an x-ray image forms
- The x-ray tube
- The penumbra effect
- Factors affecting the penumbra
- Focal spot and distance
- Scatter and motion blur
- Digital subtraction angiography
- What controls image quality
Angiographic Contrast Agents
Iodinated agents, carbon dioxide, gadolinium, and more
- Iodine-based contrast
- Contrast agent families
- How contrast is measured
- Adverse reactions
- Properties of common iodinated contrast agents
- Viscosity and injection pressure
- Carbon dioxide contrast
- Where carbon dioxide is used
- Gadolinium contrast
- Gadolinium warnings and limits
- Ethiodol and tantalum
The Contrast Injector
Volume, rate, pressure, and rise time
- What the injector controls
- Linear rise trade-off
- Imaging delay and subtraction
- Flow and pressure are linked
Guidewire Use and Construction
Steel and nitinol wires, J-tips, and safety signs
- What a guidewire does
- Stainless steel guidewire
- Stainless steel guidewire construction
- J-tipped guidewires
- J-tipped guidewires
- Nitinol hydrophilic wires
- Reading wire resistance
- The O sign
- The 'O' sign during guidewire advancement
Selecting the Right Catheter
Nonselective flush, selective shapes, French sizes, and tapering
- Nonselective catheters
- Aortic flush catheters
- Selective catheters
- Cerebral, coronary, and visceral catheters
- Why so many shapes?
- Reading the vascular map
- CT angiogram with little vascular disease
- Difficult anatomy
- CT angiogram: ectasia and aortic aneurysm
- From hand-made to marketed catheters
- The Chuang catheter set
- Catheter materials and torque
- The French size scale
- Tapering protects the wall
- Nontapered catheter tip damages the wall
- Lumen, side holes, and flow
Catheter-Based Arteriography
Digital imaging, contrast behavior, stenosis views, and the perfect study
- Digital versus film
- Digital subtraction versus film-screen angiography
- How iodinated contrast layers
- Iodinated contrast versus carbon dioxide
- Getting complete opacification
- Evaluating stenosis
- The perfect study: patient
- The perfect study: injection
- The perfect study: views and pressure
- Oblique views reveal a hidden stenosis
- Guidewire safety rules
- The unique value of angiography
- Catheter flushing
- Irrigating a multiside hole catheter
- Multiside hole catheter cautions
- Key takeaways
- Suggested readings
- Suggested readings
- Suggested readings
- Brant and Helms' Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology