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Radiology
Adrenal Glands and Kidneys
Built from Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology
What’s inside
17 sections · 143 slides
Overview
- Topic overview
Adrenal Imaging Methods
How adrenal nodules are studied
- The challenge of adrenal imaging
- The adrenal imaging toolbox
Adrenal Anatomy
Cortex, medulla, location, and normal appearance
- Adrenal cortex and medulla
- Where the adrenal glands sit
- Adrenal shape and size on imaging
- Normal adrenal glands on CT and MR
- Fat in the adrenal: two MR tricks
- Adrenal pseudotumors
The Incidental Adrenal Mass
Characterizing a nodule found by chance
- What an incidental adrenal mass usually is
- Imaging findings of malignant and benign adrenal lesions
- Imaging findings of malignant and benign adrenal lesions (continued)
- What an incidental nodule can be
- Adrenal cortical adenomas
- Lipid-rich versus lipid-poor adenomas
- Adrenal metastases
- Adrenal metastasis from lung cancer
- Stability over time
- Clinical evaluation of the nodule
- MDCT: the +10 HU rule
- Lipid-rich adrenal adenoma on unenhanced CT
- MDCT: contrast washout
- Adenoma versus metastasis washout
- Adrenal nodule percentage washout formulas
- Lipid-poor adrenal adenoma: CT washout
- Bilateral adrenal metastases
- MR characterization of adrenal nodules
- Lipid-rich adrenal adenoma on chemical shift MR
- PET-CT characterization
- Adrenal metastasis on PET-CT
- When a nodule stays unclassified
Adrenal Endocrine Syndromes
Cushing, Conn, adrenogenital, Addison, pheochromocytoma
- Cushing syndrome
- Conn syndrome
- Adrenogenital syndrome
- Addison disease
- Pheochromocytoma
- Pheochromocytoma: the rule of tens
- Incidental pheochromocytoma
- Pheochromocytoma with spontaneous hemorrhage
- Imaging pheochromocytoma
- Pheochromocytoma in the bladder wall
- Nuclear imaging of pheochromocytoma
Benign Adrenal Lesions
Hyperplasia, myelolipoma, hemorrhage, cyst, ganglioneuroma
- Adrenal hyperplasia
- Adrenal hyperplasia
- Adrenal myelolipoma
- Adrenal myelolipoma
- Adrenal hemorrhage
- Adrenal hemorrhage
- Adrenal calcification
- Adrenal calcification after infantile hemorrhage
- Adrenal cysts
- Posthemorrhagic adrenal cyst
- Ganglioneuroma
Malignant Adrenal Lesions
Carcinoma, lymphoma, and collision tumor
- Adrenal carcinoma
- Adrenal carcinoma: staging clues
- Adrenal carcinoma
- Lymphoma and collision tumor
Kidney Imaging Methods
CT urogram, MR urogram, and ultrasound
- CT urogram
- CT urogram phases in order
- Conventional urogram versus CT urogram
- MR urogram
- MR urogram
- Ultrasound of the kidney
Kidney Anatomy
Lobes, calyces, arteries, and perirenal space
- Kidney lobes and cortex
- Calyces and pelvis
- Renal arteries
- Renal arterial branching
- Capsule and perirenal space
Congenital Renal Anomalies
Agenesis, horseshoe kidney, and crossed ectopia
- Renal agenesis
- Horseshoe kidney
- Horseshoe kidney
- Crossed-fused renal ectopia
Solid Renal Masses
Renal cell carcinoma, AML, oncocytoma, lymphoma, metastases
- Renal cell carcinoma
- The renal cell carcinoma family
- Renal cell carcinoma
- Renal cell carcinoma staging
- Renal cell carcinoma on CT
- Cystic renal cell carcinoma
- Renal vein and IVC thrombus
- Renal vein and IVC tumor thrombus
- Renal cell carcinoma on MR and US
- Multicystic renal cell carcinoma
- Angiomyolipoma (AML)
- Angiomyolipoma on CT and MR
- Angiomyolipoma on CT
- Angiomyolipoma on MR
- Oncocytoma
- Oncocytoma
- Renal lymphoma
- Renal lymphoma
- Metastases to the kidney
- Metastases to the kidney
Cystic Renal Masses
Simple cyst, the Bosniak system, abscess, cystic nephroma
- Simple renal cyst
- Simple renal cyst
- The Bosniak classification
- Bosniak categories at a glance
- Bosniak I and II
- Complicated renal cyst (Bosniak II)
- Bosniak IIF and III
- Bosniak IV and small lesions
- Renal abscess
- Renal abscess
- Multilocular cystic nephroma
- Multilocular cystic nephroma
Renal Cystic Disease
Inherited and acquired cystic kidney diseases
- Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
- Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
- Multiple simple cysts versus polycystic disease
- von Hippel-Lindau disease
- Tuberous sclerosis
- Acquired uremic cystic kidney disease
- Acquired uremic cystic kidney disease
- Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
- Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
- Medullary sponge kidney
- Medullary sponge kidney with nephrocalcinosis
- Uremic medullary cystic disease
- Multicystic dysplastic kidney
- Multicystic dysplastic kidney
Renal Vascular Diseases
Arteriovenous malformations and fistulas
- Renal AVMs and fistulas
- Renal arteriovenous malformation
Renal Infections
Pyelonephritis and its complications
- Acute pyelonephritis
- Acute pyelonephritis
- Pyelonephritis complications
- Perirenal abscess
- Emphysematous pyelonephritis
- Emphysematous pyelonephritis
- Chronic pyelonephritis and reflux nephropathy
- Reflux nephropathy
- Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
- Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
- Renal tuberculosis
- End-stage renal tuberculosis (putty kidney)
Renal Parenchymal Disease
Renal failure and HIV-associated kidney disease
- Imaging in renal failure
- HIV-associated renal disease
- HIV nephropathy
Nephrocalcinosis
Calcium deposition in the renal parenchyma
- Cortical nephrocalcinosis
- Medullary nephrocalcinosis
- Causes of medullary nephrocalcinosis
- Key takeaways
- Suggested readings
- Suggested readings
- Suggested readings
- Brant and Helms' Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology