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The first 25 slides, exactly as they appear. The full deck has 136 content slides.
Maxillofacial Surgery
The Lips
Built from Facial Aesthetics — Concepts and Clinical Diagnosis
What’s inside
14 sections · 136 slides
Overview
- “
- The lips as an aesthetic unit of the face
- Why the lips matter
- Look at a face that is moving
- What this covers
Development and anatomy
Where the lips come from, and the names of their parts.
- How the upper lip is built before birth
- From fusion to finished lip
- A repaired cleft of the upper lip
- Named parts of the lips
- Philtrum and Cupid's bow
- White roll, vermilion and the wet line
- Crossing the lip from skin to mouth
- Corners of the mouth and the lip borders
How lips change with age
Grow until puberty, then shrink - in a predictable pattern.
- The overall pattern of lip ageing
- Ageing: height and position
- Ageing: loss of fine detail
The words clinicians use
Word roots, and the difference between position and shape.
- Word roots worth holding on to
- Protrusion, retrusion and procumbence
- Position versus shape
Clinical evaluation: LAMPP
Five parameters that turn 'the lips look wrong' into a diagnosis.
- Five things to check, every time
- What each letter asks
Lip lines
The vertical level of each lip against the front teeth.
- What a 'lip line' actually means
- The ideal dentolabial relationship
- High upper lip line
- Low upper lip line
- Low upper lip line: what you see
- High lower lip line
- Lower lip resting high on the upper incisors
- Low lower lip line
Lip activity
Muscle tone at rest, and lip behaviour in swallowing.
- Muscle tone: the background pull
- Hypertonic lower lip
- Hypotonic upper lip
- Flaccid lips
- Dynamic check 1: watch a swallow
- Lower lip sealing behind the upper incisors
- How an adaptive seal reshapes the teeth
- Dynamic check 2: a lip that will not move
Lip morphology: height
Measure it, but judge the proportion before the absolute number.
- Upper lip height
- Reading the population data
- Upper lip height
- Lower lip and lower lip/chin height
- Proportion beats the absolute number
- Interlabial gap
- Vermilion height
- How much vermilion different people show
- Why the 3:4 rule matters in lip enhancement
- Lip height during growth
- Upper lip height from age 8 to 18
- Lower lip and chin height from age 8 to 18
- What growth means for treatment timing
Lip thickness
How much soft tissue sits in front of the teeth - and how much it will move.
- Why thickness is worth measuring
- Measuring upper lip thickness
- Upper lip thickness and upper lip strain
- Upper lip strain
- A strained upper lip on the cephalometric tracing
- Chin thickness should match the upper lip
- Chin thickness compared with upper lip thickness
- Lower lip thickness at two levels
- Lower lip thickness at the vermilion border and at B-point
- Lip thickness varies with ethnic background
- Lip thickness through adolescence
- Upper lip thickness from age 8 to 18
- Lower lip thickness from age 8 to 18
Lip contour
Curvature from the front; curl and inclination from the side.
- Two views, three questions
- Lip curvature: two heights compared
- Philtrum height matched to commissure height
- The inverted arc
- A downward arching upper lip line
- Two other causes of a frowning mouth
- An inverted arc: which cause?
- Lip curl: the forward curve in profile
- Reduced upper lip curl
- A flat, backward-curving upper lip
- Orthodontics can flatten an upper lip
- Increased upper lip curl
- Putting a number on upper lip curl
- Measuring the depth of the upper lip concavity
- Sulcus depth from Holdaway's H-line
- Upper lip inclination: the tilt of the lip
- Splitting the nasolabial angle in two
- Profile angles split by a true horizontal line
- Testing which lip tilt looks best
- What the ratings showed
- Lower lip inclination
Lip posture
Do the lips meet at rest, without the patient working at it?
- What lip posture means
- Competent versus incompetent lip posture
- How much separation is too much?
- Lips apart at rest
- Two signs that a seal is being forced
- Chin corrugations over the mentalis insertion
- Potential lip competence
- Incisors held between the lips
- Choose your words at the chairside
- What decides lip seal: the soft tissues
- What decides lip seal: skeleton and teeth
- Everything that decides whether lips seal
Lip prominence
How far forward the lips sit - always judged against nose and chin.
- Prominence is always a relative judgement
- Cause one: the lips themselves
- Cause two: the skeleton
- Cause three: where the teeth sit
- Maxillary dentoalveolar protrusion
- Cause four: how the teeth are tipped
- When will moving teeth improve the lips?
- Protrusion and proclination with lips apart
- Prominent lips: will retraction help?
Analyses of lip prominence
Seven reference lines, and the landmark each one depends on.
- Setting up the assessment
- Profile lines for judging lip prominence
- Further profile lines for judging lip prominence
- E-line of Ricketts
- The E-line drawn from nose tip to chin
- The E-line is a moving target during growth
- E-line: sex, ethnicity and preference
- S-line of Steiner
- The S-line drawn from mid-columella to chin
- The S-line in a Dürer proportion drawing
- Why the S-line depends less on the nose tip
- Z-line and Z-angle of Merrifield
- The Z-line drawn from chin to the most prominent lip
- H-line and H-angle of Holdaway
- The H-line drawn from chin tangent to the upper lip
- Correcting the H-angle for the jaws
- Sn-Pog' line of Burstone
- The Sn-Pog' line drawn from subnasale to chin
- Riedel plane
- The Riedel plane drawn tangent to both lips
- True vertical line through subnasale
- Seven analyses of lip prominence at a glance
- The one point every analysis agrees on
- Lower lip resting slightly behind the upper lip
Summary
What to carry away, and the traps that catch people.
- How to read a pair of lips
- Traps to avoid
- References
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- Facial Aesthetics: Concepts and Clinical Diagnosis, 2nd Edition