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The first 25 slides, exactly as they appear. The full deck has 156 content slides.
Maxillofacial Surgery
Facial Beauty
Built from Facial Aesthetics — Concepts and Clinical Diagnosis
What’s inside
9 sections · 156 slides
Overview
- What you will learn here
Defining beauty and aesthetics
Four words that have resisted definition for 2500 years
- Beauty resists a tidy definition
- Definitions people have offered
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- A definition a clinician can work with
- The four parts of the definition
- Why the assemblage matters more than any one part
- Grace is beauty in motion
- Beauty plus grace makes attractiveness
- Beautiful, graceful, or both
- A hidden cost of anti-ageing treatment
- The viewer is part of what is seen
- Aesthetics becomes a subject of its own
- What Baumgarten meant by 'taste'
Is beauty in the eye of the beholder?
Subjective feeling, objective quality, or both at once
- Shakespeare on the judgement of the eye
- A very old idea, repeated for centuries
- Where the famous phrase came from
- The case for a shared human sense
- A paradox sits in the middle
- Why the argument cannot be settled
- Where the debate actually lands
- Deformity is judged the same by nearly everyone
The enigma of facial beauty
Seven explanations, none of them complete
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- The judgement feels instant, not reasoned
- What has been proposed as the answer
- None of them is the whole answer
- Symmetry matters, but perfect symmetry does not
- Mirroring one half of a face
- What to notice in the mirrored faces
- Symmetry loses to averageness
- Galton and the search for typical faces
- Composite portraits made from many faces
- A blend of criminals' faces
- A blended group portrait
- Koinophilia: the love of the average
- Why average could mean fit
- Averageness in the clinic
- Keeping the baby in the adult face
- Women's preferences are not fixed
- Male and female faces part company at puberty
- How a dimorphic face becomes a signal
- Femininity and masculinity are not equal draws
- Babies already prefer attractive faces
- Darwin saw beauty change with the map
- Cultures build their own beauty
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- Evidence pulling both ways
- Agreement across cultures, with a caveat
- Glasses versus hearing aids
- No single principle explains beauty
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Historical and philosophical perspectives
From Socrates to Schopenhauer, by way of Keats
- Plato and Aristotle in The School of Athens
- Plato: beauty is goodness
- The death of Socrates
- Socrates: look for the beauty within
- An unpopular message
- Why Plato cared about definitions
- The Socratic method
- The Hippias Major asks 'what is beauty?'
- Socrates' hypercritical friend
- Hippias tries, and fails, three times
- Socrates' own suggestions fail too
- How the dialogue ends
- Phaedo: beauty makes beautiful things beautiful
- Aristotle: beauty as proportion
- Beauty brought the Greeks closer to their gods
- Aquinas: two kinds of beauty, both real
- The split that medieval minds ignored
- A dangerous medieval shortcut
- The Renaissance makes beauty earthly
- Montaigne: beauty is what your culture fancies
- Voltaire and the Enlightenment view
- Hume: beauty exists only in the mind
- Hume: pleasure and pain are the essence
- Kant swings back to Plato
- Schiller: pleasure with no practical use
- Darwin on the sense of beauty
- Darwin's conclusions
- Keats and the nightingale
- Keats: a thing of beauty is a joy for ever
- A beautiful object outlasts the people who see it
- The nightingale that would not die
- Beauty can outlive death
- Sa'di's peacock
- Shelley on how we recognise beauty
- Appreciating beauty is itself a skill
- Emerson: beauty is inherent in nature
- Emerson on flow and on deformity
- Mathematicians talk about beauty too
- Shuddering before the beautiful
Facial beauty: scientific perspectives
Turning a philosophical argument into measurable data
- Leonardo's advice on judging faces
- What facial attractiveness research is
- Hogarth's Painter and his Pug
- The first scientific study of attractiveness
- Hogarth's graded variations of a corset
- Why Hogarth's design was original
- More of Hogarth's graded object drawings
- Fechner and his ten rectangles
- From two experiments to a whole method
- Fechner founded experimental aesthetics
- What we are actually looking for
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- At what point does a heap stop being a heap?
- Why cut-offs must be ranges, not numbers
- How the experiment is run
- What 'normal' means in this research
- Words to avoid in front of patients
The Line of Beauty
Hogarth's serpentine line, and what its critics said
- The serpentine line
- Hogarth's conclusion: gentle curves
- Why a curve and not a straight edge
- Grading the curve to find the best one
- Not any curve will do
- The idea was already old
- Michelangelo and the curved figure
- The Belvedere Torso
- Lomazzo: figures should look like flame
- Du Fresnoy: flowing, gliding outlines
- Curved lines in Michelangelo's Cleopatra
- Garrick's objection
- What Hogarth still deserves credit for
Why facial beauty matters
Self-image, other people's reactions, and clinical consequences
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- Beauty is a multidimensional idea
- Queen Nefertiti, 'the Beautiful One'
- Faces that changed history
- Two directions of impact
- Self-image and negative self-perception
- Beauty as a letter of recommendation
- How other people's perceptions bite
- Facial difference as a 'social disability'
- The effect reaches into working life
- Stereotyping from facial shape
- Teasing and bullying
- Distress does not track severity
- Why this matters in the clinic
Striving for form
What a clinical team can actually plan for
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- Replace 'art' with 'treatment planning'
- Three sources of data for planning form
- What that data buys you
- The honest limit of treatment
- Take-home points
- Take-home points
- References
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- Facial Aesthetics: Concepts and Clinical Diagnosis, 2nd Edition