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The first 25 slides, exactly as they appear. The full deck has 165 content slides.
ENT
Ear Clinical Aspects of Diseases of the Middle and Inner E
Built from Behrbohm — Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases with Head and Neck Surgery
What’s inside
10 sections · 165 slides
Overview
- What this topic teaches you
- The two root causes behind chronic ear disease
Ventilation and Drainage Disorders
When the eustachian tube fails to ventilate the ear
- The eustachian tube: the ear's pressure valve
- Why the tube fails to open
- What happens once the middle ear is sealed off
- Short-term versus long-standing tube blockage
- The vicious circle of the middle-ear lining
- Acute tubal occlusion (serotympanum)
- Serous otitis media on otoscopy
- Acute tubal occlusion: treatment
- Chronic seromucinous otitis media: features and cause
- Chronic seromucinous otitis media
- Diagnosing chronic seromucinous otitis media
- Treating chronic seromucinous otitis media
- Types of ear ventilation tube
- Grommet draining the middle ear
- Balloon eustachian tuboplasty (BET)
- Balloon eustachian tuboplasty
- Long-term course and tympanosclerosis
- Tympanosclerosis of the middle ear
- Patulous eustachian tube: the opposite problem
Acute Otitis Media and Mastoiditis
Non-specific bacterial inflammation of the middle ear and its air cells
- Acute otitis media (AOM): an infected middle ear
- The three phases of acute otitis media
- How infection reaches the middle ear
- Which organisms cause AOM
- Otoscopic diagnosis through the phases
- Acute otitis media: bulging red eardrum
- Acute otitis media, desquamative phase
- Telling AOM apart from otitis externa
- Treating acute otitis media
- Weight-based antibiotic dosing in AOM
- When to perform paracentesis (myringotomy)
- Principle of paracentesis (myringotomy)
- Course, prognosis, and the danger of the latent case
- AOM in infants and children
- Why young children are prone to middle-ear infection
- Treatment in children
- Principle of cortical mastoidectomy
- Specific viral/bacterial forms in children
- Mastoiditis: infection spreads into bone
- Clinical features of mastoiditis
- Subperiosteal abscess from mastoiditis
- Diagnosis and special forms of mastoiditis
- Why antibiotics alone fail - and when to operate
- Two forms of true mastoiditis
Chronic Otitis and Cholesteatoma
Long-standing perforations and the bone-eroding skin sac
- Chronic otitis media (COM): two families
- Chronic mucosal (mesotympanic) otitis media
- Chronic mesotympanic otitis media
- Diagnosis and treatment of mucosal COM
- Inactive squamous COM: the retraction pocket
- Inactive squamous chronic otitis media
- Cholesteatoma: skin growing where it should not
- Chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma
- Classifying cholesteatoma by where it starts
- Primary (attic / pars flaccida) cholesteatoma
- Histological pathogenesis of attic cholesteatoma
- Development of an attic cholesteatoma
- Secondary (tensa) cholesteatoma
- Congenital cholesteatoma
- Clinical signs of cholesteatoma
- What promotes cholesteatoma formation
- How cholesteatoma destroys bone
- Pathways of cholesteatoma extension
- Diagnosing cholesteatoma
- Cholesteatoma treatment: two goals
- Mastoidectomy: closed versus open technique
- Principle of radical mastoidectomy
- Healed open cavity after radical mastoidectomy
- Tympanoplasty: rebuilding the sound path
- The five Wullstein types of tympanoplasty
- The five classical types of tympanoplasty (Wullstein)
- Reconstructing the chain: three stapes situations
- Principles of tympanoplasty and ossicular grafts
- PORP and TORP prostheses in place
- Course, prognosis, and complications of cholesteatoma
- Special forms of cholesteatoma
- Adhesive otitis (middle-ear fibrosis)
- Adhesive otitis
Otogenic Infective Complications
When middle-ear infection breaks out toward the brain, sinuses, and neck
- Otogenic complications are emergencies
- Pathways of spread of otogenic complications
- Labyrinthitis: infection reaches the inner ear
- Labyrinthitis: treatment, forms, and prognosis
- Epidural empyema
- Otogenic meningitis: clinical picture
- Otogenic meningitis: cause and diagnosis
- Otogenic meningitis: treatment
- Otogenic sinus thrombosis: the septic picture
- Sinus thrombosis: cause and diagnosis
- Otogenic sinus thrombosis
- Sinus thrombosis: treatment
- Otitic hydrocephalus
- Otogenic brain abscess: the four clinical stages
- Brain abscess: how it spreads
- Temporal-lobe versus cerebellar abscess
- Brain abscess: treatment, and petrositis (Gradenigo)
Otosclerosis and Specific Diseases
Granulomatosis, TB, syphilis, and otosclerosis
- Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA)
- GPA: manifestations
- GPA: diagnosis and management
- Tuberculosis and syphilis of the middle ear
- Otosclerosis: bone that fixes the stapes
- Pathology of otosclerosis
- Otosclerosis: clinical and histologic numbers
- Otosclerosis: who and how it presents
- Otosclerosis: why it happens (multifactorial)
- Otosclerosis: diagnosis
- Otosclerosis: treatment
- Principle of stapedectomy
- Otosclerosis: course, prognosis, and skeletal disorders
Trauma of the Middle and Inner Ear
Temporal-bone fractures, concussion, barotrauma, and noise damage
- Ear trauma: what to check first
- Temporal-bone fracture: direct versus indirect
- Longitudinal versus transverse pyramidal fracture
- Temporal bone fracture types
- CSF in the tympanic cavity after fracture
- Temporal-bone fracture: treatment
- Traumatic perforation of the tympanic membrane
- Labyrinthine concussion
- Direct injuries to the eardrum, middle, and inner ear
- Barotrauma
- Caisson disease and diving accidents
- Acute acoustic trauma: blast versus gunfire
- Acoustic shock (a distinct, newer entity)
- Chronic noise trauma
- Temporary versus permanent threshold shift
- Protecting hearing from noise
Lateral Skull-Base Tumors
Glomus tumors, carcinoma, and vestibular schwannoma
- Lateral skull-base pathology: the team approach
- Glomus tumor (nonchromaffin paraganglioma)
- Glomus tumor: clinical features
- Glomus tumor: classification by site
- Glomus tympanicum tumor
- Glomus jugulare tumor
- Glomus tumor: diagnosis and treatment
- Middle-ear carcinoma
- Middle ear carcinoma
- Vestibular schwannoma: getting the name right
- Vestibular schwannoma: growth and spread
- Koos classification of vestibular schwannoma
- Vestibular schwannoma: clinical symptoms
- The three stages of vestibular schwannoma
- Vestibular schwannoma: objective findings
- AAO-HNS hearing classes (schwannoma, 1995)
- Vestibular schwannoma: imaging and diagnosis
- Vestibular schwannoma: differential diagnosis
- NF2-related schwannomatosis (NF2-SWN)
- Vestibular schwannoma: treatment options
- Vestibular schwannoma: surgical approaches
- Routes of access to the internal meatus
- Other lateral skull-base tumors
- Meningioma and petrous apex lesions
Congenital Ear Anomalies
Developmental malformations and their management
- Combined external and middle-ear anomalies
- Congenital anomalies: treatment and timing
- Congenital anomalies of the inner ear
Key Takeaways
Pulling the topic together
- The big picture in three ideas
- High-yield facts to carry away
- Named references and classifications
- Ear, Nose, and Throat Diseases: With Head and Neck Surgery