Dermatology
Systemic Immunomodulators
Built from Dermatology, 5th Edition

What’s inside
13 sections · 166 slides
Overview
- What this chapter covers
Interferons
Proteins the body makes to fight viruses, borrowed as injectable therapy
- What interferons are
- Injection-site skin damage
- How interferons work inside cells
- Mechanisms of action for interferons.
- Approved dermatologic uses
- Interferons.
- Dermatologic uses, side effects, and interactions of interferons.
- Dermatologic uses, side effects, and interactions of interferons. (continued)
- Dermatologic uses, side effects, and interactions of interferons. (continued)
- Dermatologic uses, side effects, and interactions of interferons. (continued)
- A drug side effect that mimics disease
- Colony-stimulating factors: GM-CSF and G-CSF
- Granulocyte–macrophage and granulocyte colony stimulating factors (GM-CSF &G-CSF).
- Granulocyte–macrophage and granulocyte colony stimulating factors (GM-CSF &G-CSF). (continued)
- Granulocyte–macrophage and granulocyte colony stimulating factors (GM-CSF &G-CSF). (continued)
- Granulocyte–macrophage and granulocyte colony stimulating factors (GM-CSF &G-CSF). (continued)
- Injection-site reaction to GM-CSF
Targeted Immune Modulators
Drugs engineered to block one specific protein driving skin disease
- What targeted immune modulators are
- How antibody drug names are built
- Nomenclature for monoclonal antibodies and fusion proteins.
- Sites of action of targeted immune modulators
- Screening before starting therapy
- Recommended evaluation for patients receiving targeted immune modulators for dermatologic disorders.
- Recommended laboratory testing before and during treatment
- Why hepatitis screening matters
- Hepatitis B and C serologic test interpretation
- US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warnings and precautions for targeted immune modulators with dermatologic indications.
- US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warnings and precautions for targeted immune modulators with dermatologic indications. (continued)
- US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warnings and precautions for targeted immune modulators with dermatologic indications. (continued)
- US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warnings and precautions for targeted immune modulators with dermatologic indications. (continued)
- US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warnings and precautions for targeted immune modulators with dermatologic indications. (continued)
TNF Inhibitors
Etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab, golimumab, certolizumab pegol
- What TNF is and why it is targeted
- Mechanism of action of the TNF inhibitors
- How the five TNF inhibitors differ
- Who should not receive TNF inhibitors
- FDA warnings across all targeted immune modulators
- Infection risk with TNF inhibitors
- Cancer risk with TNF inhibitors
- Autoimmunity, nerve, and heart effects
- Etanercept clearing a lupus skin rash
- Skin reactions caused by TNF inhibitors
- Psoriasiform reactions to TNF inhibitors
- Cutaneous side effects of targeted immune modulators.
- Cutaneous side effects of targeted immune modulators. (continued)
- Cutaneous side effects of targeted immune modulators. (continued)
- Vaccination and TNF inhibitors
- Vaccines that contain live attenuated viruses or bacteria.
- TNF inhibitors in pregnancy
- Etanercept
- Etanercept injection-site reaction
- Infliximab
- Adalimumab
- Golimumab and certolizumab pegol
- Biosimilars of TNF inhibitors
- Examples of biosimilars of monoclonal antibodies used in dermatology
- Examples of biosimilars of monoclonal antibodies used in dermatology (continued)
- Examples of biosimilars of monoclonal antibodies used in dermatology (continued)
Interleukin-12/23 and Interleukin-23 Inhibitors
Ustekinumab, guselkumab, risankizumab, tildrakizumab
- IL-12 and IL-23: two related cytokines
- Sites of action of IL-12/23 and IL-23 inhibitors
- Safety of IL-12/23 and IL-23 inhibitors
- Ustekinumab
- Guselkumab, tildrakizumab, and risankizumab
Interleukin-17 Inhibitors
Secukinumab, ixekizumab, brodalumab - plus spesolimab for IL-36
- Why block interleukin-17
- Sites of action of IL-17 inhibitors
- Safety shared across IL-17 inhibitors
- Ixekizumab and secukinumab
- Brodalumab: efficacy and a safety warning
- Spesolimab: a different target, IL-36
Interleukin-4/13 Receptor and Interleukin-13 Inhibitors
Dupilumab, tralokinumab, and lebrikizumab for atopic dermatitis
- IL-4 and IL-13: the atopic dermatitis cytokines
- Sites of action of IL-4/13 receptor and IL-13 inhibitors
- Shared side effect: the eye problem
- A severe example: ectropion
- Conjunctivitis and ectropion on dupilumab therapy
- Dupilumab
- Tralokinumab
Interleukin-1 Inhibitors
Anakinra, canakinumab, and rilonacept for autoinflammatory disease
- IL-1 and the inflammasome
- Shared safety of IL-1 blockers
- Anakinra
- Canakinumab and rilonacept
Rituximab
An antibody that removes CD20-positive B cells
- Rituximab: removing the B cells
- What rituximab treats
- Rituximab risks
Omalizumab
An anti-IgE antibody for chronic hives
- Omalizumab: blocking IgE
- Omalizumab dosing and safety
Janus Kinase (JAK) Inhibitors
Oral pills that block cytokine signaling one step inside the cell
- Janus kinases: one step inside the cell
- Mechanism of action of Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors
- The seven approved JAK inhibitors
- Who should avoid JAK inhibitors
- JAK inhibitor side effects
- Abrocitinib and baricitinib
- Deucravacitinib and ritlecitinib
- Ruxolitinib, tofacitinib, and upadacitinib
Under Investigation and Other Targeted Therapies
The biologic-drug pipeline reaches far beyond dermatology
- The pipeline keeps growing
- Targeted immune modulators for psoriasis under development.
- Targeted immune modulators for psoriasis under development. (continued)
- Other biologic agents used across medicine
- Other targeted (“biologic”) agents used in medicine.
- Other targeted (“biologic”) agents used in medicine. (continued)
- Other targeted (“biologic”) agents used in medicine. (continued)
- Other targeted (“biologic”) agents used in medicine. (continued)
- Other targeted (“biologic”) agents used in medicine. (continued)
- Other targeted (“biologic”) agents used in medicine. (continued)
- Other targeted (“biologic”) agents used in medicine. (continued)
- Other targeted (“biologic”) agents used in medicine. (continued)
- Other targeted (“biologic”) agents used in medicine. (continued)
- Other targeted (“biologic”) agents used in medicine. (continued)
- Other targeted (“biologic”) agents used in medicine. (continued)
- Other targeted (“biologic”) agents used in medicine. (continued)
- Other targeted (“biologic”) agents used in medicine. (continued)
- Other targeted (“biologic”) agents used in medicine. (continued)
- Other targeted (“biologic”) agents used in medicine. (continued)
- Other targeted (“biologic”) agents used in medicine. (continued)
- Other targeted (“biologic”) agents used in medicine. (continued)
- Other targeted (“biologic”) agents used in medicine. (continued)
- Other targeted (“biologic”) agents used in medicine. (continued)
- Other targeted (“biologic”) agents used in medicine. (continued)
- Other targeted (“biologic”) agents used in medicine. (continued)
- Other targeted (“biologic”) agents used in medicine. (continued)
- Other targeted (“biologic”) agents used in medicine. (continued)
- Other targeted (“biologic”) agents used in medicine. (continued)
- Other targeted (“biologic”) agents used in medicine. (continued)
- Other targeted (“biologic”) agents used in medicine. (continued)
- Other targeted (“biologic”) agents used in medicine. (continued)
- Other targeted (“biologic”) agents used in medicine. (continued)
- Other targeted (“biologic”) agents used in medicine. (continued)
- Other targeted (“biologic”) agents used in medicine. (continued)
- Other targeted (“biologic”) agents used in medicine. (continued)
- Other targeted (“biologic”) agents used in medicine. (continued)
- Other targeted (“biologic”) agents used in medicine. (continued)
- Other targeted (“biologic”) agents used in medicine. (continued)
- Other targeted (“biologic”) agents used in medicine. (continued)
- Other targeted (“biologic”) agents used in medicine. (continued)
- Other targeted (“biologic”) agents used in medicine. (continued)
- Other targeted (“biologic”) agents used in medicine. (continued)
- Other targeted (“biologic”) agents used in medicine. (continued)
- Other targeted (“biologic”) agents used in medicine. (continued)
- Other targeted (“biologic”) agents used in medicine. (continued)
- Other targeted (“biologic”) agents used in medicine. (continued)
- Other targeted (“biologic”) agents used in medicine. (continued)
- Other targeted (“biologic”) agents used in medicine. (continued)
Intravenous Immune Globulin (IVIg)
Pooled donor antibody used for a short list of skin diseases
- What IVIg is
- How IVIg calms the immune system
- What IVIg treats in dermatology
- Uses of IVIg in dermatology.
- Uses of IVIg in dermatology. (continued)
- Uses of IVIg in dermatology. (continued)
- Choosing an IVIg product
- Selected preparations of IVIg that are available in the US.
- IVIg safety and contraindications
- Putting it together
- Each drug class, and its lead skin target
- References
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- Dermatology, 5th Edition (2-Volume Set)