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Dermatology
Protozoa and Worms
Built from Dermatology, 5th Edition
What’s inside
14 sections · 177 slides
Overview
- What this topic covers
Leishmaniasis
A chronic parasitic infection with cutaneous, mucosal, and visceral forms
- What is leishmaniasis
- The parasite's two life stages
- Four clinical patterns of leishmaniasis
- 1,000,000+
- Global distribution of cutaneous leishmaniasis
- Global distribution of visceral leishmaniasis
- Which species, where
- Epidemiologic and clinical patterns of infections with Leishmania species.
- Epidemiologic and clinical patterns of infections with Leishmania species. (continued)
- Epidemiologic and clinical patterns of infections with Leishmania species. (continued)
- Epidemiologic and clinical patterns of infections with Leishmania species. (continued)
- Countries with the highest incidence of leishmaniasis.
- Transmission and who is at risk
- From sandfly bite to skin disease
- Life cycle of Leishmania species
- Why some infections heal and others spread
- Other pathogenesis factors
- The basic skin lesion
- Variable clinical presentations of cutaneous leishmaniasis
- Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis: clinical forms
- Cutaneous leishmaniasis due to L. aethiopica
- Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis in Italy
- New World cutaneous leishmaniasis: clinical spectrum
- The chiclero ulcer
- Disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis
- Disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis of the thigh
- Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis
- Diffuse and disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis
- Sporotrichoid spread
- Sporotrichoid pattern of cutaneous leishmaniasis
- Healing, scarring, and recurrence
- Scars from previous cutaneous leishmaniasis
- Leishmaniasis recidivans
- Mucocutaneous / mucosal leishmaniasis
- Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis of the nose and lip
- Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis due to L. braziliensis
- Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis: nasal and lip involvement
- Who is at risk of mucosal disease
- Visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar)
- Epidemiology and clinical patterns of visceral leishmaniasis.
- Systemic features of visceral leishmaniasis (L. donovani) .
- Systemic features of visceral leishmaniasis (L. donovani) . (continued)
- Systemic features of visceral leishmaniasis (L. donovani) . (continued)
- Systemic features of visceral leishmaniasis (L. donovani) . (continued)
- Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis
- Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis
- Leishmaniasis and HIV
- Pathology of leishmaniasis
- Histopathology of leishmaniasis
- CD1a immunostaining versus H&E in leishmaniasis
- Diagnosis: finding the parasite
- The Montenegro skin test
- Ulcerative leishmaniasis with a positive Montenegro test
- Differential diagnosis of leishmaniasis
- Treatment: who needs systemic therapy
- Clinical characteristics differentiating simple and complex forms of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL).
- Treatment: the main drugs
- Treatment recommendations for leishmaniasis.
- Treatment recommendations for leishmaniasis. (continued)
- Treatment recommendations for leishmaniasis. (continued)
- Treatment recommendations for leishmaniasis. (continued)
- Adverse effects of the most commonly used drugs for leishmaniasis.
- Adverse effects of the most commonly used drugs for leishmaniasis. (continued)
- Prevention
- Guidelines for cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis.
- Guidelines for cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. (continued)
- Guidelines for cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. (continued)
- Guidelines for cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. (continued)
- Guidelines for cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. (continued)
- Guidelines for cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. (continued)
- Guidelines for cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. (continued)
- Guidelines for cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. (continued)
- Guidelines for cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. (continued)
Amebas and Balamuthia
Enteric and free-living amebas that occasionally reach the skin
- Cutaneous amebiasis: how it happens
- Cutaneous amebiasis: features and treatment
- Cutaneous amebiasis
- Balamuthia mandrillaris infection: overview
- Balamuthia: clinical picture and treatment
- Balamuthia mandrillaris infection
Trypanosomiasis
Chagas disease and African sleeping sickness
- What is Chagas disease
- Distribution of Chagas disease and African trypanosomiasis
- Chagas disease: life cycle and pathogenesis
- Life cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi
- Acute Chagas disease: what you see at the bite
- Romana sign in Chagas disease
- Three phases of Chagas disease
- Chronic disease and reactivation
- Apical aneurysm of the heart in Chagas disease
- Megaesophagus in Chagas disease
- Chagas disease: diagnosis and treatment
- African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)
- Life cycle of Trypanosoma brucei
- African trypanosomiasis: clinical stages
- Trypanosomal chancre
- Two stages of African trypanosomiasis
- Diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment
- Comparison between West African and East African trypanosomiasis.
- Comparison between West African and East African trypanosomiasis. (continued)
Toxoplasmosis
A common protozoan infection in which skin disease is rare
- What is toxoplasmosis
- Life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii
- Toxoplasmosis.
- Toxoplasmosis. (continued)
- Toxoplasmosis. (continued)
Worms: Overview
Two phyla of helminths and how their infections spread
- Two phyla of worms
- Four ways worm infections spread
- Soil-transmitted nematodes
- Strongyloidiasis hyperinfection syndrome
- Life cycles of human roundworms living in the intestine
- Antihelminthic drugs: therapeutic uses, side effects, and contraindications.
- Antihelminthic drugs: therapeutic uses, side effects, and contraindications. (continued)
- Antihelminthic drugs: therapeutic uses, side effects, and contraindications. (continued)
- Major parasitic worms that cause diseases and cutaneous manifestations in humans.
- Major parasitic worms that cause diseases and cutaneous manifestations in humans. (continued)
- Major parasitic worms that cause diseases and cutaneous manifestations in humans. (continued)
- Life cycle of Trichinella spiralis
- Life cycle of Toxocara canis
Cutaneous Larva Migrans
'Creeping eruption' from animal hookworm larvae
- What is cutaneous larva migrans
- Clinical features of cutaneous larva migrans
- Cutaneous larva migrans
- Cutaneous larva migrans of the hand and foot
- Cutaneous larva migrans: differential diagnosis
- Treatment of cutaneous larva migrans
Gnathostomiasis
A migratory panniculitis from raw freshwater fish
- What is gnathostomiasis
- Life cycle of Gnathostoma species
- Gnathostomiasis: clinical features
- Gnathostomiasis: migratory panniculitis and the larva
- Gnathostomiasis of the breast
- Biopsy of a furuncular gnathostomiasis lesion
- Gnathostomiasis: diagnosis and treatment
Onchocerciasis
River blindness: a black-fly-borne filarial worm
- What is onchocerciasis (river blindness)
- Global distribution of onchocerciasis
- Onchocerciasis: the worm's life in the body
- Life cycles of human roundworms living in tissue
- Progression of onchocercal skin disease
- Extraction of adult worms from an onchocercal nodule
- Cutaneous findings in onchocerciasis
- Lichenification and leukoderma in onchocerciasis
- Onchocerciasis: eye disease and other features
- Onchocerciasis: diagnosis and treatment
- Living microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus
Filariasis
Mosquito-borne lymphatic filarial worms; elephantiasis at its most advanced
- What is lymphatic filariasis
- Filariasis: acute and chronic disease
- Filariasis: diagnosis and treatment
- Histopathology of filariasis
Schistosomiasis and Swimmer's Itch
Fluke infections from freshwater snails
- What is schistosomiasis
- Life cycles of human flukes living in liver, lung, and blood
- Global distribution of schistosomiasis
- Schistosomiasis: cutaneous and systemic disease
- Swimmer's itch
- Swimmer's itch (cercarial dermatitis)
- Schistosomiasis: diagnosis and treatment
Cysticercosis and Echinococcosis
Larval tapeworm cysts in human tissue
- Tapeworms that cause human disease
- Life cycles of human tapeworms
- How humans get infected
- Cysticercosis: clinical features
- Subconjunctival nodule in cysticercosis
- Echinococcosis: clinical features
- Diagnosis and treatment
Summary
Protozoa and worms: the shared threads
- Key takeaways: protozoa
- Key takeaways: worms
References
Source citations from this chapter
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- Dermatology, 5th Edition (2-Volume Set)