← All decks
The first 25 slides, exactly as they appear. The full deck has 143 content slides.
Dermatology
Neural and Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (Other Than Neurofibromatosis)
Built from Dermatology, 5th Edition
What’s inside
12 sections · 143 slides
Overview
- What this topic covers
- Two families of cutaneous neural tumors
Classification and Normal Nerve Anatomy
What a peripheral nerve is built from, and how tumors recapitulate that structure
- Classification of cutaneous neural and neuroendocrine tumors
- Structure of the normal peripheral nerve
- How a peripheral nerve is built, layer by layer
- Cells that build neural tumors
- Immunohistochemistry as a diagnostic tool
- Immunohistochemical staining patterns of neural neoplasms
Neuromas
Traumatic neuroma and solitary circumscribed neuroma
- Neuromas: two distinct benign forms
- Traumatic neuroma: epidemiology and cause
- Traumatic neuroma: clinical features
- Rudimentary supernumerary digit
- Traumatic neuroma: what the tissue shows
- Traumatic neuroma: nerve fascicles in a fibrous stroma
- Amputation neuroma of a digit
- Traumatic neuroma: diagnosis and treatment
- Solitary circumscribed neuroma (SCN): overview
- SCN: clinical features
- SCN and multiple mucosal neuroma syndromes
- SCN: what the tissue shows
- SCN: nerve fascicles positive for S100 protein
- Epithelial sheath neuroma
- SCN: diagnosis and treatment
- Clinical features of benign neural neoplasms: neuromas, schwannoma, neurofibroma
- Clinical features of benign neural neoplasms: neuromas, schwannoma, neurofibroma (continued)
- Clinical features of benign neural neoplasms: neuromas, schwannoma, neurofibroma (continued)
- Clinical features of benign neural neoplasms: myxoma, neurothekeoma, granular cell tumor
- Clinical features of benign neural neoplasms: myxoma, neurothekeoma, granular cell tumor (continued)
- Clinical features of benign neural neoplasms: myxoma, neurothekeoma, granular cell tumor (continued)
- Histologic differential diagnosis: traumatic neuroma vs. SCN
- Histologic differential diagnosis: traumatic neuroma vs. SCN (continued)
- Histologic differential diagnosis: schwannoma
- Histologic differential diagnosis: schwannoma (continued)
- Histologic differential diagnosis: neurofibroma (localized cutaneous variant)
- Histologic differential diagnosis: neurofibroma (localized cutaneous variant) (continued)
Schwannoma
A fully encapsulated tumor made almost entirely of Schwann cells
- Schwannoma: overview
- Schwannoma: genetics
- Psammomatous melanotic schwannoma
- Schwannoma: clinical features
- Schwannoma: pathology - Antoni A and B
- Schwannoma: Verocay bodies and SOX10 staining
- Schwannoma subtypes
- Schwannoma: diagnosis and treatment
Neurofibroma
A mixed-cell tumor, with a plexiform form that is a hallmark of NF1
- Neurofibroma: overview
- Mosaic (segmental) neurofibromatosis type 1
- Neurofibroma: pathogenesis
- Solitary neurofibroma: clinical features
- Plexiform neurofibroma: the “bag of worms”
- Plexiform neurofibromas: soft, sagging bag-like plaques
- Plexiform neurofibroma in a child with NF1
- Neurofibroma: pathology of the common type
- Neurofibroma: spindle cells and S100 expression
- Diffuse, intraneural, and plexiform variants
- Plexiform neurofibroma: expanded, twisted nerve fascicles
- When neurofibroma turns malignant
- Steps toward malignant transformation in NF1
- Neurofibroma: diagnosis and treatment
Nerve Sheath Myxoma and Cellular Neurothekeoma
Two distinct entities that used to share a single name
- Two entities, one old name
- Splitting one old diagnosis into two real entities
- Who gets each tumor
- Nerve sheath myxoma: clinical features
- Nerve sheath myxoma: lobular pattern in a myxoid stroma
- Nerve sheath myxoma: what the tissue shows
- Cellular neurothekeoma: clinical features
- Cellular neurothekeoma: epithelioid nests in a hyalinized stroma
- Cellular neurothekeoma: what the tissue shows
- Nerve sheath myxoma and cellular neurothekeoma: diagnosis and treatment
Granular Cell Tumor
Abrikossoff's tumor - a schwannian tumor with lysosome-packed cytoplasm
- Granular cell tumor: overview
- Granular cell tumor: who gets it, and why
- Granular cell tumor: clinical features
- Granular cell tumor: granular cytoplasm and S100 staining
- Granular cell tumor: what the tissue shows
- Granular cell tumor: diagnosis and treatment
Perineurioma
A proliferation of the fascicle-wrapping perineurial cell
- Perineurioma: overview
- Soft tissue perineurioma: storiform spindle-cell pattern
- Key features of soft tissue (extraneural) perineuriomas
- Key features of soft tissue (extraneural) perineuriomas (continued)
Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor
MPNST: rare in the skin, but a real risk from NF1-associated plexiform neurofibromas
- Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST): overview
- MPNST: pathology
- MPNST: molecular drivers
Merkel Cell Carcinoma
An aggressive, often virus-driven neuroendocrine skin cancer
- Merkel cell carcinoma: overview
- Merkel cell carcinoma: naming and history
- Merkel cell carcinoma: who gets it
- Merkel cell polyomavirus: the 2008 discovery
- How a common skin virus can cause Merkel cell carcinoma
- Virus-positive vs. virus-negative MCC
- Merkel cell carcinoma: what it looks like
- Merkel cell carcinoma: clinical presentations
- Merkel cell carcinoma: additional presentations on the toe and cheek
- Merkel cell carcinoma: nodule on the finger
- Merkel cell carcinoma: stage at diagnosis and outlook
- Merkel cell carcinoma staging (AJCC 8th edition)
- Merkel cell carcinoma: paraneoplastic syndromes
- Merkel cell carcinoma: pathology
- Merkel cell carcinoma: histology and CK20 staining pattern
- Merkel cell carcinoma: immunohistochemistry
- Merkel cell carcinoma: differential diagnosis
- Merkel cell carcinoma: surgery and staging workup
- Merkel cell carcinoma: systemic treatment
- Merkel cell carcinoma: surveillance after treatment
Heterotopic Neural Tissue
Neural tissue misplaced in the skin during embryonic development
- Heterotopic neural tissue: overview
- Nasal glial heterotopia (“nasal glioma”): overview
- Nasal glial heterotopia: clinical features
- Nasal glial heterotopia: pathology
- Nasal glial heterotopia: treatment
- Heterotopic meningeal tissue (rudimentary meningocele): overview
- Rudimentary meningocele: clinical and pathologic features
- Cutaneous meningioma: types II and III
- Heterotopic meningeal tissue: treatment
- Ectopic and heterotopic neural tissue: nasal glial heterotopia vs. rudimentary meningocele
- Ectopic and heterotopic neural tissue: nasal glial heterotopia vs. rudimentary meningocele (continued)
- Ectopic and heterotopic neural tissue: nasal glial heterotopia vs. rudimentary meningocele (continued)
- Ectopic and heterotopic neural tissue: cutaneous meningioma vs. peripheral neuroblastoma
- Ectopic and heterotopic neural tissue: cutaneous meningioma vs. peripheral neuroblastoma (continued)
- Ectopic and heterotopic neural tissue: cutaneous meningioma vs. peripheral neuroblastoma (continued)
Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors
A spectrum from primitive neuroblastoma to mature ganglioneuroma
- Primitive neuroectodermal tumors: overview
- Primitive neuroectodermal tumors: pathogenesis
- Cutaneous metastases of neuroblastoma in children
- Primary cutaneous PNET in adults
- Neuroblastoma: pathology
- Cutaneous neuroblastoma: Homer Wright-type rosettes
- Toward maturity: ganglioneuroma
- PNET and neuroblastoma: markers and diagnosis
- Primitive neuroectodermal tumors: treatment
- Putting it together
- How to approach a cutaneous neural tumor
- References
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- Dermatology, 5th Edition (2-Volume Set)