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Dermatology
Fungal Diseases
Built from Dermatology, 5th Edition
What’s inside
12 sections · 186 slides
Overview and Classification
How fungal skin infections are grouped, and why it matters
- Roadmap of this topic
- Classification of cutaneous mycoses.
- Superficial mycoses of the skin. (disorders)
- Superficial mycoses of the skin. (pathogens)
- Classification of cutaneous mycoses
- True versus opportunistic systemic pathogens
Non-inflammatory Superficial Mycoses
Piedra, tinea nigra, and tinea (pityriasis) versicolor
- Piedra: fungal nodules on the hair shaft
- Causes of nodules on hair shafts
- Black piedra versus white piedra
- Comparison of black and white piedra.
- White piedra on microscopy
- Tinea nigra: a single dark patch
- Tinea nigra macule on the finger
- Tinea nigra: a second example
- Malassezia: a yeast that lives on everyone's skin
- Different species of Malassezia and common clinical presentations.
- What tinea versicolor looks like
- Tinea versicolor: colour variants and yeast forms
- Hyperpigmented tinea versicolor
- Confluent tinea versicolor on the trunk
- Tinea versicolor with follicular accentuation
- Malassezia (Pityrosporum) folliculitis
- KOH preparations across superficial fungal infections
- Treatment of tinea (pityriasis) versicolor.
- Diagnosis and mimics of tinea versicolor
Dermatophytoses: The Basics
How ringworm fungi invade skin, hair, and nails
- What is a dermatophyte
- Dermatophytes isolated worldwide.
- Dermatophytes isolated worldwide. (continued)
- Dermatophytes isolated worldwide. (continued)
- Dermatophytes isolated worldwide. (continued)
- Who gets dermatophyte infections, and where
- How a dermatophyte establishes infection
- Types of dermatophytes based on mode of transmission.
Tinea Corporis
Ringworm of the body: the classic annular rash
- Tinea corporis: the classic ring
- Common dermatophytes that cause tinea corporis.
- Common dermatophytes that cause tinea corporis. (continued)
- Tinea corporis: annular and circinate patterns
- Steroid creams can hide the diagnosis
- Tinea incognito after steroid cream
- Tinea incognito: a second example
- Tinea incognito with concentric rings
- Tinea corporis with expanding serpiginous lesions
- Confluent tinea corporis of the neck
- Deeper and unusual variants of tinea corporis
- Majocchi granuloma of the leg
- Majocchi granuloma of the arm
- Majocchi granuloma of the buttocks
- Majocchi granuloma: histopathology
Tinea Cruris, Manuum, and Barbae
Groin, hand, and beard ringworm
- Tinea cruris: jock itch
- Tinea cruris: common causative pathogens.
- Tinea cruris of the inner thigh
- Tinea cruris extending onto the abdomen
- Tinea cruris with an arcuate border
- Combined tinea cruris and corporis
- Tinea manuum: ringworm of the palm
- Tinea manuum of the palm
- Tinea manuum with palmar scaling
- Tinea barbae: beard ringworm
- Superficial tinea barbae
Tinea Faciei, Capitis, and Pedis
Ringworm of the face, scalp, and feet
- Tinea faciei: an easy misdiagnosis
- Tinea faciei in children and an adult
- Tinea faciei of the cheek
- Tinea faciei in a child
- Tinea faciei with pustules
- Tinea faciei: subtle clues to diagnosis
- Tinea capitis: scalp ringworm of childhood
- Tinea capitis: clinical spectrum and kerion
- Tinea capitis mimicking seborrheic dermatitis
- The kerion, carrier state, and prevention
- Three patterns of dermatophyte hair invasion
- The book's diagram of hair invasion patterns
- Favus of the scalp
- Tinea pedis: four clinical patterns
- Four clinical types of tinea pedis
- Tinea pedis: moccasin, interdigital, and inflammatory types
- Interdigital tinea pedis
- Tinea pedis with an elevated scaly border
- Tinea pedis rarely travels alone
- Extensive tinea corporis spreading from feet and hands
Onychomycosis, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Nail infection, confirming fungi under the microscope, and treating tinea
- Onychomycosis: patterns of nail invasion
- Tinea unguium: nail plate changes
- Tinea unguium: distal/lateral subungual pattern
- Tinea unguium: proximal subungual pattern
- Tinea unguium: striate superficial white pattern
- Tinea unguium with perifolliculitis
- Why onychomycosis matters
- Diagnostic approach to nail dystrophy
- Non-dermatophyte molds that can cause onychomycosis.
- Differential diagnoses of dermatophyte infections.
- Differential diagnoses of dermatophyte infections. (continued)
- Confirming the diagnosis
- Proper specimen collection for fungal diagnosis
- Conidia, hyphae, and the hair perforation test
- Treating dermatophyte infections
- Systemic regimens for dermatophytoses: Fluconazole
- Systemic regimens for dermatophytoses: Fluconazole (continued)
- Systemic regimens for dermatophytoses: Griseofulvin
- Systemic regimens for dermatophytoses: Griseofulvin (continued)
- Systemic regimens for dermatophytoses: Itraconazole
- Systemic regimens for dermatophytoses: Itraconazole (continued)
- Systemic regimens for dermatophytoses: Terbinafine
- Systemic regimens for dermatophytoses: Terbinafine (continued)
- Indicators of more severe onychomycosis with a poor response to treatment.
- Invasive dermatophytosis: a rare complication
Mucocutaneous Candidiasis
Yeast infection of moist skin and mucous membranes
- Candida: an opportunist on moist skin
- Mucocutaneous candidiasis: oral and cutaneous forms
- Oral candidiasis: thrush and glossitis
- Cutaneous candidiasis: where skin meets skin
- Candidiasis of the diaper area
- Treatment of mucocutaneous Candida infections.
- Treatment of mucocutaneous Candida infections. (continued)
- Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
- Erosive papulonodular dermatosis
- Granuloma gluteale infantum
Subcutaneous Mycoses
Fungi implanted into the skin by injury
- Implantation mycoses: an overview
- Other implantation infections
- Chromoblastomycosis: a verrucous plaque
- Chromoblastomycosis of the limb
- Sclerotic (Medlar) body in chromoblastomycosis
- Treating chromoblastomycosis
- Mycetoma: Madura foot
- Mycetoma (Madura foot)
- Mycetoma: sinus and drainage
- Colors of grains and geographic distribution of eumycotic and actinomycotic mycetomas.
- Colors of grains and geographic distribution of eumycotic and actinomycotic mycetomas. (continued)
- Treating mycetoma
- Sporotrichosis: the rose gardener's disease
- The sporotrichoid pattern
- Lymphocutaneous (sporotrichoid) spread
- Infectious causes of a lymphocutaneous (“sporotrichoid”) pattern.
- Treating sporotrichosis
- Lobomycosis: keloid-like nodules
- Lobomycosis: keloid-like nodules
Systemic Mycoses: True Pathogens
Dimorphic fungi that infect even healthy people
- Dimorphic fungi: two forms, one organism
- Geographic distribution of dimorphic fungi
- Differential diagnosis of parasitized macrophages. (organism)
- Differential diagnosis of parasitized macrophages. (key features)
- When true pathogens reach the skin
- Histoplasmosis
- Disseminated histoplasmosis
- Histoplasmosis: diagnosis and treatment
- Blastomycosis
- Cutaneous blastomycosis
- Blastomycosis: diagnosis and treatment
- Coccidioidomycosis: Valley fever
- Cutaneous coccidioidomycosis
- Life cycle of Coccidioides
- Coccidioidomycosis: diagnosis and treatment
- Paracoccidioidomycosis
- Paracoccidioidomycosis of the mouth and face
Opportunistic and Related Mycoses
Fungal infections that need a weakened immune system, plus phaeohyphomycosis and Pneumocystis
- Opportunistic fungi: who is at risk
- The main opportunistic fungi
- Cutaneous patterns of opportunistic mycoses
- Aspergillosis and mucormycosis: angioinvasive moulds
- Clinical findings across opportunistic fungal infections
- Histology of opportunistic fungal infections
- Mucormycosis with central necrosis
- Mucormycosis: purpuric necrotic nodule
- Cryptococcosis
- Disseminated cryptococcosis mimicking molluscum
- Cryptococcal cellulitis with necrosis
- Disseminated cryptococcosis: purpuric papules
- Erosive cryptococcal cellulitis
- Histology of cutaneous cryptococcosis
- Disseminated candidiasis, talaromycosis, fusariosis
- Disseminated talaromycosis
- Treatment of opportunistic mycoses.
- Treating opportunistic mycoses
- Phaeohyphomycosis: pigmented fungi in tissue
- Phaeohyphomycosis: clinical and histologic findings
- Pneumocystis: reclassified as a fungus
Summary
The key ideas from this topic
- Key takeaways
- References
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- References (continued)
- Dermatology, 5th Edition (2-Volume Set)