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The first 25 slides, exactly as they appear. The full deck has 93 content slides.
Dermatology
Biology of Wound Healing
Built from Dermatology, 5th Edition
What’s inside
13 sections · 93 slides
Overview
- Six things this topic covers
Repair, Regeneration, and Immunity
Why most wounds heal with a scar, and what turns off that outcome
- The goal of wound healing
- Repair versus regeneration
- Inflammation is a double-edged sword
- Inflammation influences the quality of the repair response
Lessons From Other Species
Salamanders, zebrafish, and mice reveal mechanisms shared across evolution
- Amphibians: true masters of regeneration
- Zebrafish: regeneration alongside inflammation
- Mammals: macrophages direct the repair process
- Fingertip regeneration in mice and children
- Clinical implications: what drives chronic ulcers
Wound Depth and How Closure Happens
How deep an injury reaches decides the repair route, and how the wound edges come together
- Classifying wounds by depth
- Skin depth, layer by layer
- Wound depth and implications for the quality of skin repair
- Why depth changes the outcome
- Wound contraction
- Primary, second, and tertiary intention healing
- Tertiary intention healing
- Choosing how to close a wound
The Three Phases of Wound Healing
Hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling — one continuous, overlapping sequence
- An overview of the healing sequence
- Wound healing response - cellular and molecular events
- Hemostasis: the first response
- The inflammatory phase
- The proliferative phase
- The remodeling phase
- When inflammation does not resolve
Keratinocytes and Re-Epithelialization
How the skin's surface cells cover a wound and rebuild the barrier
- Keratinocytes switch into 'migration mode'
- Which skin cells can regenerate the epidermis
- Re-epithelialization of the wound bed
- Partial-thickness wound re-epithelialization
Endothelial Cells and Angiogenesis
Growing new blood vessels to feed the repairing tissue
- Why a wound needs new blood vessels
- Two routes to new blood vessels
- Angiogenesis during wound healing
- VEGF: the master signal for new vessels
- The basement membrane anchors new vessels
Leukocytes, Platelets, and Fibroblasts
The changing cast of inflammatory cells, and the cells that rebuild the matrix
- Platelets: the first cells on the scene
- Neutrophils: rapid responders
- Inflammatory response during wound healing
- Monocytes become tissue macrophages
- Two ends of macrophage activation
- A more complex picture in recent studies
- Everything macrophages release
- T cells and mast cells: supporting roles
- Chemical mediators released during inflammation
- Chemical mediators of inflammation that play a role in wound healing
- Fibroblasts: quiet builders of the dermis
- Fibroblasts become myofibroblasts
- Transformation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts during scar formation
- When myofibroblasts overstay
Stem Cells in Wound Repair
Where reserve cells for skin repair come from, and their treatment potential
- What a stem cell is
- Stem cell sources for skin repair
- What mesenchymal stem cells can do
Growth Factors, Matrix, and Proteases
The signals, scaffolding, and controlled demolition that drive repair
- Growth factors: the wound's chemical messengers
- Growth factors involved in wound healing
- Growth factors involved in wound healing (continued)
- How growth factors reach their target
- The extracellular matrix is not just scaffolding
- Components of the provisional matrix versus a collagenous scar
- How matrix and growth factors interact
- Integrins: the cell's grip on the matrix
- Integrins that play a role in wound healing
- Integrins do more than just anchor cells
- Proteases: necessary but dangerous
- Serine proteases and their inhibitors
- Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)
- Different types of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) involved in wound repair
- Different types of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) involved in wound repair (continued)
Impaired Wound Healing
The local and systemic factors behind chronic wounds, and the effect of aging
- Local versus systemic risk factors
- Local and systemic factors that contribute to the quality of the wound healing response
- Acute versus chronic wounds
- Common environmental features of acute versus chronic skin wounds in humans, irrespective of underlying systemic disease
- Common environmental features of acute versus chronic skin wounds in humans, irrespective of underlying systemic disease (continued)
- Common environmental features of acute versus chronic skin wounds in humans, irrespective of underlying systemic disease (continued)
- Wound healing and aging
Treating Chronic Wounds
Dressings, growth factor drugs, and skin grafts and substitutes
- Wound dressings
- Growth factor therapy: promise and limits
- Skin grafts and cell-based treatments
- Stimulation of tissue regeneration via cell therapy
Future Directions
Where research on chronic wounds and skin regeneration is heading next
- Why progress has been slow
- Stem cell strategies
- Engineering better growth factors and scaffolds
- Wound metabolism and systemic drug repurposing
- Key takeaways
- References
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- Dermatology, 5th Edition (2-Volume Set)