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Ocular Trauma Score (OTS)

Also called OTS, eye injury prognosis score

Predicts the 6-month visual acuity category after serious mechanical eye injury from initial vision and five findings.

Initial visual acuity

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Formula and scoring

Raw score = initial VA points (NPL 60, LP/HM 70, 1/200–19/200 80, 20/200–20/50 90, ≥20/40 100) − rupture 23 − endophthalmitis 17 − perforating 14 − retinal detachment 11 − RAPD 10. OTS 1: ≤44, 2: 45–65, 3: 66–80, 4: 81–91, 5: 92–100.

Exam and ward pearls

  • Initial visual acuity is the single strongest predictor of final vision.
  • Terminology follows BETT: a perforating injury has entry and exit wounds; a penetrating injury has an entry wound only.

When not to rely on it

  • Developed in adults; it underestimates outcome in some paediatric series (paediatric POTS exists). Use for counselling, not to decide on primary repair.

Source

  1. Kuhn F, Maisiak R, Mann L, Mester V, Morris R, Witherspoon CD. The Ocular Trauma Score (OTS). Ophthalmol Clin North Am. 2002;15(2):163-5. doi:10.1016/s0896-1549(02)00007-x · PMID 12229231
  2. Chaudhary A, Singh R, Singh SP. Prognostic value of Ocular Trauma Score and pediatric Penetrating Ocular Trauma Score in predicting the visual prognosis following ocular injury. Rom J Ophthalmol. 2022;66(2):146-52 (reproduces the OTS points and probability tables). doi:10.22336/rjo.2022.29 · PMID 35935081

Formula and cut-offs checked against these sources on 8 Nov 2026. Educational tool for clinicians; it does not replace clinical judgement.

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