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The first 25 slides, exactly as they appear. The full deck has 81 content slides.
Anaesthesiology
Regional Anaesthesia General Aspects
Built from Practical Ultrasound in Anesthesia
What’s inside
10 sections · 81 slides
Overview
- Regional anaesthesia at a glance
Foundations
What regional anaesthesia is, its two families, and how a block is chosen.
- Definition of regional anaesthesia
- Two families of regional anaesthesia
- Neuraxial and peripheral blocks
- Choosing the technique
Advantages
Why regional anaesthesia is chosen: airway safety, less bleeding, better recovery.
- Advantages of regional anaesthesia
- Airway and breathing benefits
- Less bleeding and fewer clots
- Analgesia, efficiency, and cost
Complications
What can go wrong, how often, and the habits that keep blocks safe.
- Complications are uncommon but real
- Rates from major audits
- Incidence of Significant Adverse Events in Regional Anaesthesia
- Litigation and closed-claims data
- Safety practices in regional anaesthesia
Anticoagulation
Bleeding risk with blood thinners, and the timing rules for deep and superficial blocks.
- Bleeding risk with antithrombotic drugs
- Deep versus superficial blocks
- Regional Anaesthesia Techniques
- Regional Anaesthesia Techniques (continued)
- Regional Anaesthesia Techniques (continued)
- Deep and neuraxial: the timing rules
- Management of Deep or Neuraxial Blocks
- Management of Deep or Neuraxial Blocks (continued)
- Management of Deep or Neuraxial Blocks (continued)
- Management of Deep or Neuraxial Blocks (continued)
- Superficial blocks: the timing rules
- Management of Superficial Blocks
- Management of Superficial Blocks (continued)
- Individual risk-benefit judgement
- Factors that change the time intervals
- Apps for quick guidance
Patient selection
Where blocks are used, their role in recovery, and chronic postsurgical pain.
- Clinical settings for regional anaesthesia
- Part of multimodal analgesia
- Sympathetic blockade and its uses
- Chronic postsurgical pain
- Risk factors for chronic pain
- Risk Factors and Incidence of Chronic Postsurgical Pain
- Risk Factors and Incidence of Chronic Postsurgical Pain (continued)
- Risk Factors and Incidence of Chronic Postsurgical Pain (continued)
- Risk Factors and Incidence of Chronic Postsurgical Pain (continued)
- Risk Factors and Incidence of Chronic Postsurgical Pain (continued)
Consent and the nocebo effect
Informed consent, and how negative wording can create the symptoms it warns about.
- Purpose of informed consent
- Discussing the risks
- Tools that help consent
- The nocebo effect
- “
- Nocebo-triggering phrases
- Language to avoid and use
- Nocebo Communication in Anaesthesia and Suggested Alternatives
Documentation and monitoring
What to record, the minimum monitoring standards, and imaging guidance.
- Purpose of documentation
- Contents of the record
- Documentation Recommendations for Regional Anaesthesia Procedures
- Documentation Recommendations for Regional Anaesthesia Procedures (continued)
- Documentation Recommendations for Regional Anaesthesia Procedures (continued)
- Documentation Recommendations for Regional Anaesthesia Procedures (continued)
- Documentation Recommendations for Regional Anaesthesia Procedures (continued)
- Minimum monitoring standards
- Monitoring at every stage
- Landmark versus ultrasound for neuraxial
- Triple guidance for peripheral blocks
- Benefits of triple guidance
Local anaesthetics and LAST
How the drugs work, the adjuvants, and local anaesthetic systemic toxicity.
- Choosing a local anaesthetic
- Physicochemical Characteristics of Local Anaesthetics and Adjuvants
- Physicochemical Characteristics of Local Anaesthetics and Adjuvants (continued)
- Physicochemical Characteristics of Local Anaesthetics and Adjuvants (continued)
- Physicochemical Characteristics of Local Anaesthetics and Adjuvants (continued)
- Physicochemical Characteristics of Local Anaesthetics and Adjuvants (continued)
- Mechanism of nerve blockade
- The local anaesthetic molecule
- Liposomal bupivacaine
- Adjuvants
- Local anaesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST)
- Changing presentation of LAST
- Local anaesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST) management
- Treating LAST by ideal body weight
Summary
The key numbers and the practice points to take away.
- 1.8 / 1000
- Regional anaesthesia in practice
- References
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- Practical Ultrasound in Anesthesia for Critical Care and Pain Management