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The first 25 slides, exactly as they appear. The full deck has 50 content slides.
Anaesthesiology
Neuraxial Regional Anesthesia Ultrasound Guidance for Spinal and Epidural Blocks
Built from Practical Ultrasound in Anesthesia
What’s inside
8 sections · 50 slides
Overview
- Overview
Introduction
What neuraxial blockade is, and the two ways ultrasound can help
- Neuraxial blockade
- When landmarks are unreliable
- Two ways ultrasound assists
- Preprocedural versus real-time
Anatomy of the lumbar spine
The bones, spaces, and the sonographic landmarks
- Parts of a lumbar vertebra
- Lumbar vertebra: anatomical parts
- Bony windows for the ultrasound beam
- Interlaminar and interspinous spaces (posterior view)
- Adjacent lumbar vertebrae (lateral view)
- Sonographic landmarks in the canal
Sonographic views
Three parasagittal and two transverse windows
- Setting up to scan
- 2–5 MHz
- The five sonographic views
- Parasagittal scanning planes (positions A, B, C)
- Transverse scanning planes (positions A and B)
- Probe position for the parasagittal view
- Parasagittal transverse process view
- Parasagittal articular process view
- Parasagittal articular process view
- Parasagittal oblique interlaminar view
- Parasagittal oblique interlaminar view
- Transverse spinous process view
- Transverse spinous process view
- Transverse interspinous view
- Transverse interspinous view
Preprocedural scanning
A consistent step-by-step method, its benefits, and its limits
- A consistent step-by-step approach
- Marking the skin
- The needle entry point
- Advantages of preprocedural scanning
- Choosing the approach
- Limitations of preprocedural scanning
- Challenging situations
Thoracic spine
How mid-thoracic vertebrae differ, and how to count levels
- Thoracic spine scanning
- Thoracic vertebra with probe positions
- Thoracic parasagittal oblique view
- Thoracic transverse view
- Using the 12th rib to count
Real-time guidance and innovations
Live needle tracking, 3D/4D imaging, and AI
- Why real-time guidance
- Challenges of real-time guidance
- Innovations: 3D and 4D imaging
- Innovations: AI and machine learning
Takeaways
What the evidence shows, and why routine scanning matters
- Clinical benefits
- Safety benefits
- “
- Landmark versus ultrasound
- References
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- Practical Ultrasound in Anesthesia for Critical Care and Pain Management