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The first 25 slides, exactly as they appear. The full deck has 62 content slides.
Paediatric Surgery
Ureteroceles
Built from Puri — Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Urology
What’s inside
6 sections · 62 slides
Foundations
What a ureterocele is and why it forms
- What is a ureterocele?
- Every ureterocele has a location and a system
- Three theories of how ureteroceles form
- The embryology in plain terms
- Roadmap: how this topic unfolds
Anatomy and Classification
What they distort and how we sort them
- The duplex connection
- The reflux company a duplex ureterocele keeps
- Why reflux is so common around a ureterocele
- Single-system ureteroceles are a different animal
- Classifying ureteroceles: the historical foundations
- Stephens' subtypes, by orifice behaviour
- The working classification: AAP Committee, 1984
- A tricky variant: ureterocele disproportion
- How common, and in whom (children)
- Incidence, in numbers and context
Presentation and Diagnosis
From prenatal ultrasound through the full imaging work-up
- How ureteroceles announce themselves
- Prolapsing ureterocele as a vulvar mass
- When the patient is an adult
- Why prenatal detection is unreliable
- Step one after birth: ultrasound
- Ureterocele as a cyst inside the bladder
- Dilated upper-pole moiety of a duplex kidney
- Step two: the voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)
- Ureterocele and lower-pole reflux on VCUG
- The great imitators: effacement, eversion, prolapse
- Everting ureteroceles mimicking diverticula
- Small ureteroceles revealed by Lasix Doppler
- Judging function before operating
- MR urography: the anatomy-and-function combined test
- Dilated upper pole on MR urography
- The final look: endoscopy
- Endoscopic view of an intravesical ureterocele
Principles and Observation
Fixed goals, individualised paths, and when to simply observe
- The four goals that never change
- What tips the decision
- Who can simply be watched
- The limits of watchful waiting
Surgical Management
From puncture to major reconstruction
- Endoscopic puncture: the minimally invasive first move
- How the puncture is done
- The catch: iatrogenic reflux and follow-up
- When puncture is, and is not, enough
- Treating the associated reflux endoscopically
- Duplex-system ureteroceles: the menu of options
- Excision versus marsupialisation of the ureterocele
- Common sheath reimplantation
- Heminephroureterectomy: removing a dead upper pole
- Robotics and the upper-vs-lower-tract debate
- Ureteroureterostomy: reconnecting instead of removing
- Total reconstruction: the biggest operation
Synthesis
Key messages, self-test, and sources
- Key takeaways
- A newborn girl has a mass at the urethra and prenatal hydronephrosis. Likely diagnosis and significance?
- References (1/4)
- References (2/4)
- References (3/4)
- References (4/4)
- Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Urology