← All decks
The first 25 slides, exactly as they appear. The full deck has 58 content slides.
Radiology
Spinal Abnormalities and Klippel-Feil Syndrome
Built from Obstetric Imaging
What’s inside
9 sections · 58 slides
Overview
- What this topic is about
What the problem actually is
Segmentation, fusion, and the classic triad
- How the spine is meant to form
- From a missed split to a short, stiff neck
- The classic triad
- Where the name came from
- Reading the newborn neck film
- Fused cervical vertebrae in a newborn
- One finding, many names
- “
- Three patterns, by how far the fusion spreads
- How much else can be involved
- Systems to check once neck fusion is found
- Why a syndrome list matters here
- Syndromes Associated With Klippel-Feil Abnormalities
- Syndromes Associated With Klippel-Feil Abnormalities (continued)
- Syndromes Associated With Klippel-Feil Abnormalities (continued)
- The short names in that list, spelled out
How common, and in whom
Prevalence, sex ratio, and why the count is too low
- 1:40,000
- Why the true number is probably higher
Why the bones fuse
Embryology, genes, and exposures in pregnancy
- The root cause
- How it runs in families
- The genes that have been named
- Exposures in pregnancy that matter
How it presents
At birth, and the fusions that arrive later
- What is seen at birth
- Fusions that appear after birth, not at it
- Progressive vertebral fusion on a chest film
- Boxed vertebral fusions, magnified
- Segmentation defects in a VATER-like pattern
- Multiple vertebral fusions on a whole-body newborn film
What imaging shows
Ultrasound before birth, MRI for the fine detail
- What to look for on fetal ultrasound
- Why milder cases slip through before birth
- Fetal cervical spine on two-dimensional ultrasound
- Adding the third and fourth dimensions
- Fetal spine on three-dimensional ultrasound
- Look beyond the neck: the skeleton
- Look beyond the neck: face and eyes
- Look beyond the neck: the organs
- Where magnetic resonance imaging helps
Telling it apart from iniencephaly
Two conditions that look alike and end very differently
- The look-alike
- Iniencephaly versus Klippel-Feil
- VATER association in the differential
Planning care
Before birth, at delivery, and afterwards
- Before birth
- From suspicion to delivery plan
- Why delivery often means caesarean
- After birth: start conservatively
- When surgery is on the table
- Why trouble can arrive years later
- Upper versus lower cervical fusions
- What the referring physician needs to know
- After delivery
Key points
What to carry away
- Key points, part one
- Key points, part two
- “
- Suggested reading
- References
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- Obstetric Imaging: Fetal Diagnosis and Care, 2nd Edition