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The first 25 slides, exactly as they appear. The full deck has 52 content slides.
Radiology
Radial Ray Deficiency (Limb Deficiency)
Built from Obstetric Imaging
What’s inside
5 sections · 52 slides
Overview
- What this topic covers
What a radial ray defect is
Start with the bone, then widen out to the whole thumb side of the limb.
- The thumb side of the arm
- What the defect actually is
- Why one scan finding is a hard problem
- 2:10,000
- Reading those numbers
- One arm, or both?
Why it happens
Normal limb building, then the four ways it goes wrong.
- How a normal radius is built
- Four routes to the same finding
- Chromosome causes
- Drugs and exposures
- Two syndromes to learn first
- Holt-Oram syndrome
- Cornelia de Lange syndrome genetics
- Family history is a diagnostic test
- A long list, used as a checklist
- Disorders That Include Radial Ray Defects
- Disorders That Include Radial Ray Defects (continued)
- Disorders That Include Radial Ray Defects (continued)
- The book's printed list of associated disorders
- VATER / VACTERL, unpacked
What you see on the scan
Ultrasound technique, the shapes the radius takes, and the clues elsewhere.
- The scanning rule
- Shapes the radius takes on ultrasound
- Then look at the hand
- Search the rest of the fetus
- Why the other findings matter
- Always look at the heart
- Cornelia de Lange on ultrasound
- Fetal profile with a small chin
- Three-dimensional face of a 24-week fetus
- Three-dimensional view of a fetal arm
- Two syndromes side by side
- What about MRI and CT?
- Films after birth are mandatory
- Radiograph of a forearm with no radial ray
- Radiograph of both forearms and hands
- “
- Narrowing the differential
What to do about it
Tests to offer before birth, delivery planning, and care after birth.
- The prenatal pathway
- Step one: the history
- Testing for chromosome problems
- Testing for single genes
- The conversation with the parents
- After birth: the first hours
- After birth: finding the cause
- Living with an isolated defect
- What the referring physician needs to know
- Key points
- References
- References (continued)
- Further reading
- Obstetric Imaging: Fetal Diagnosis and Care, 2nd Edition