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The first 25 slides, exactly as they appear. The full deck has 64 content slides.
Radiology
Prune-Belly Syndrome
Built from Obstetric Imaging
What’s inside
8 sections · 64 slides
Overview
- Overview of prune-belly syndrome
- Topics covered
The disorder
Definition, name, and how often it occurs
- Definition of prune-belly syndrome
- The classic triad
- Typical urologic findings
- Normal male urinary tract
- Anomalies beyond the triad
- Organ systems involved
- 1:29,000
- Prevalence and epidemiology
Cause and mechanism
Two theories, and the genes now under study
- Two proposed origins
- The obstructive uropathy theory
- Sequence proposed by the obstruction theory
- Limitations of the obstruction theory
- The mesenchymal development theory
- Environmental exposures studied
- Evidence for a genetic contribution
- MYOCD and the male excess
- FLNA and the X chromosome
- HNF1β and mesodermal transcription factors
- Genes affecting muscle contraction
- Findings of the genetic cohort studies
- Recurrence risk counselling
Manifestations of disease
System by system, from belly wall to skeleton
- Abdominal wall findings
- Consequences of bladder distension
- Bladder wall and ureteric openings
- Urinary obstruction and retention
- Vesicoureteric reflux on contrast cystography
- Patent urachus
- Significance of a patent urachus
- Cryptorchidism in affected males
- Presentation in affected females
- Pulmonary consequences
- Cardiovascular anomalies
- Gastrointestinal anomalies
- Musculoskeletal anomalies
- Clubfoot in a newborn
Prognosis
Three groups, three very different outlooks
- Woodard prognostic groups
- Reading the prognostic groups
Imaging technique and findings
What the fetal ultrasound shows, and what mimics it
- Timing and the leading ultrasound finding
- Enlarged fetal bladder on transverse view
- Hydronephrosis with a dilated right ureter
- Interpreting the upper tract images
- Amniotic fluid and other structures
- Timing of a prenatal cryptorchidism diagnosis
- Differential diagnosis from imaging findings
Treatment options
Before birth, after birth, and for life
- Prenatal treatment: the vesicoamniotic shunt
- Selecting candidates for shunting
- Prenatal care pathway in suspected obstruction
- Evidence from the randomised shunt trial
- Other evidence on shunting
- Postnatal management priorities
- Surgical management
- Long-term renal outcome
Summary and sources
What to act on, and where it comes from
- What the referring physician needs to know
- Key points
- Suggested readings
- References
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- Obstetric Imaging: Fetal Diagnosis and Care, 2nd Edition