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Radiology
Atlas of Selected Normal Images
Built from Obstetric Imaging
What’s inside
12 sections · 113 slides
Overview
- What this picture library is
- Reading the grey: bright, dark, black
- The three slices you will keep meeting
- How the atlas is arranged
Dating the pregnancy and checking the cervix
The two measurements made before the fetus is big enough to survey
- How ultrasound puts a date on a pregnancy
- Crown-rump length measurement
- Why the cervix is measured
- Cervical length on transvaginal ultrasound
The placenta and the umbilical cord
Where the afterbirth sits, and the three-vessel lifeline running from it
- Finding the placenta
- Anterior placenta on a sagittal uterine view
- Posterior placenta on a sagittal uterine view
- Cord insertion into the placenta
- What is inside the umbilical cord
- The cord in cross-section
- Three vessels seen across the cord
- Where the cord vessels run inside the fetus
- Fetal end of the cord and the vessels beside the bladder
- Checking the belly wall where the cord enters
- Intact abdominal wall at the cord insertion
The fetal heart at 12 weeks
The same cardiac views, obtained far earlier than the routine anatomy scan
- The heart can be surveyed early
- Four-chamber view of the heart at 12 weeks
- Interventricular septum at 12 weeks
- Left ventricular outflow at 12 weeks
- Three-vessel view with colour Doppler at 12 weeks
- Aortic arch at 12 weeks
The standard cardiac views
One continuous sweep from the four chambers up to the arches
- The cardiac sweep, step by step
- What the four-chamber view answers
- Four-chamber view through the fetal chest
- Why fetal position matters
- Interventricular septum with the fetus in left decubitus
- The two outflow tracts
- Left ventricular outflow tract view
- Right ventricular outflow tract and main pulmonary artery
- The three-vessel view
- Three vessels seen in one transverse slice
- Two arches, and how to tell them apart
- Aortic arch and its head and arm branches
- Ductal arch in parasagittal section
- The great veins returning to the heart
- Both venae cavae draining into the right atrium
- Aorta and inferior vena cava side by side
- How fetal blood bypasses the liver
The fetal brain and the head measurements
Three axial planes carry almost the whole routine brain check
- Landmarks in the fetal brain
- Corpus callosum with its overlying artery
- The posterior fossa: three things in one view
- Posterior fossa in the second trimester
- How the nuchal fold is measured
- Transcerebellar view for the posterior fossa measurements
- Caliper placement for the nuchal fold
- Cerebellum and cisterna magna
- Ventricles and the choroid plexus
- Choroid plexus in the second trimester
- Choroid plexus in the first trimester
- Measuring the atrium of the lateral ventricle
- The head measurements and their rules
- Biparietal diameter and head circumference plane
- < 10 mm
The fetal face
A profile, two coronal sweeps and an axial slice cover the whole face
- Working through the face
- Midsagittal profile of the face
- Coronal view of nose and upper lip
- Fetal tongue on a coronal view
- The palate, the orbits and the ears
- Fetal palate as a bright semicircle
- Both orbits on one coronal view
- Fetal ear in two planes
The chest and the abdomen
The diaphragm divides them, and one transverse slice carries the growth measurement
- The line that divides chest from belly
- Diaphragm as a dark curved line
- Lung and liver either side of the diaphragm
- Landmarks in the fetal abdomen
- Fetal gallbladder as a teardrop-shaped pocket
- Fluid-filled fetal stomach
- How the abdominal circumference is measured
- Plane and calipers for the abdominal circumference
Kidneys, adrenal glands, spine and external genitalia
The back half of the anatomy survey
- Finding the kidneys
- Both kidneys on a coronal view
- Renal arteries supplying both kidneys
- Kidneys on a transverse slice
- The adrenal gland
- Triangular adrenal gland above the kidney
- Checking the spine
- Lumbosacral spine with intact overlying skin
- Sagittal view along the spine
- Parallel vertebral columns on a coronal view
- External genitalia
- Female external genitalia
- Male external genitalia
The limbs
Long bones are measured; hands and feet are counted and inspected
- How a long bone is measured
- Longitudinal view of the humerus
- Longitudinal view of the femur
- Telling the paired bones apart
- Ulna and radius in the forearm
- Tibia and fibula in the lower leg
- Hands and feet
- Developing bones of the fetal hand
- Fetal foot and toes in two panels
Doppler: looking at blood flow
Grey-scale shows structure; Doppler shows how hard blood is having to push
- What Doppler adds to the picture
- The numbers a Doppler trace reports
- Umbilical artery Doppler
- Umbilical artery Doppler waveform and indices
- Umbilical artery Doppler in the third trimester
- How the fetus protects its brain
- Measuring the middle cerebral artery
- Middle cerebral artery Doppler
- The ductus venosus
- Ductus venosus flow
- Uterine artery Doppler: normal and abnormal
- Where the uterine artery is sampled
- Uterine artery Doppler with waveform
Pulling it together
What to carry away from the normal atlas
- Habits the atlas teaches
- The measurements worth memorising
- The vessels worth memorising
- Source of these images
- Obstetric Imaging: Fetal Diagnosis and Care, 2nd Edition