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Radiology

Anomalies of the Systemic Venous Return

Built from Obstetric Imaging

What’s inside

6 sections · 52 slides

  1. 01

    Overview

    • What this covers

    1 slide

  2. 02

    The plumbing behind the problem

    What systemic venous return means, and which veins are involved

    • Blood has to get back to the heart
    • The four venous systems that can go wrong
    • The great veins entering the heart
    • What normal looks like, so you can spot the odd one
    • The caval veins running through the trunk
    • Which faults actually occur
    • The three you will meet most
    • 0.4–0.5%
    • Reading those numbers
    • Why these veins form wrongly
    • Isolated, or in company?

    11 slides

  3. 03

    Persistent left superior vena cava

    The commonest congenital anomaly of the thoracic venous system

    • A vein on the left that should not be there
    • How a persistent left superior vena cava arises
    • Where the extra vein empties
    • The dilated coronary sinus
    • Dilated coronary sinus on the four-chamber view
    • The three-vessel and trachea view
    • A fourth vessel beside the ductal arch
    • The pipe sign
    • The pipe sign on a parasagittal view
    • What a PLSVC keeps company with
    • Does a PLSVC actually harm the baby?

    11 slides

  4. 04

    Interrupted inferior vena cava

    When the lower body's main vein stops short and the blood takes a detour

    • The lower trunk that stops halfway
    • The detour the blood takes
    • How the interruption comes about
    • Spotting it on the scan
    • The company this one keeps
    • The one that may need treatment

    6 slides

  5. 05

    Agenesis of the ductus venosus

    The link between the portal and systemic veins that never formed

    • The shortcut through the fetal liver
    • Umbilical vein, ductus venosus and the liver
    • The whole fetal circulation at a glance
    • When the link never forms
    • Where the umbilical vein goes instead
    • Why draining outside the liver is the dangerous one
    • Shunt, big heart, hydrops — in plain words
    • Cardiomegaly in the third trimester
    • The umbilical vein running into the right atrium
    • Colour Doppler confirms the abnormal drainage
    • Making the diagnosis, step by step
    • What decides the outlook here

    12 slides

  6. 06

    Signs, scanning and outlook

    Pulling the three anomalies back into one working routine

    • A scanning routine that catches all three
    • The classic signs, side by side
    • Extra tools when the anatomy is confusing
    • What happens after birth
    • What the referring physician needs to know
    • Key points to carry away
    • “
    • References
    • References (continued)
    • Suggested readings
    • Obstetric Imaging: Fetal Diagnosis and Care, 2nd Edition

    11 slides