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The first 25 slides, exactly as they appear. The full deck has 40 content slides.
Ophthalmology
Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology of Pupil
Built from Khurana — Neuro-Ophthalmology
What’s inside
5 sections · 40 slides
Overview
- What this topic covers
Anatomy of the Normal Pupil
What the pupil is and what moves it
- The pupil as the eye's aperture
- Number and location - and their rare anomalies
- Size and how it changes
- Equal, unequal and restless pupils
- Shape and colour of the pupil
- The two muscles that work the pupil
Physiology of the Pupil
The reflexes that set pupil size
- The light reflex: direct and consensual
- How brisk and how strong the light reflex is
- Light stimulus versus pupillary response
- Light reflex pathway - the afferent limb
- Light reflex pathway - internuncial and efferent limbs
- Pathway of the light reflex
- What the light reflex is for
- The near reflex: one trigger, three responses
- Pathways of the near reflex
- Pathways of the near reflex
- Darkness reflex - the pupil widening
- Psychosensory reflexes - the pupil and the mind
- Lid-closure reflex - a loose, mixed-up term
Pharmacology of the Pupil
Drugs that shrink or widen the pupil
- The two big drug families
- Miotics 1 - parasympathomimetic drugs
- Action of miotic drugs on the iris muscles
- Miotics 2 - sympatholytics and other miotics
- Mydriatics 1 - sympathomimetics (dilator stimulators)
- Mydriatics 1 continued - more sympathomimetics
- Action of mydriatic drugs on the iris muscles
- Mydriatics 2 - parasympatholytics (sphincter blockers)
- Parasympatholytic mydriatics compared
Summary and Self-Test
- The three-part story in one view
- Key take-home points
- Why does shining light into one eye constrict the pupil of the other eye?
- References (1/2)
- References (2/2)
- Neuro-Ophthalmology