← All decks
The first 25 slides, exactly as they appear. The full deck has 95 content slides.
Radiology
White Matter and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Built from Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology
What’s inside
9 sections · 95 slides
White Matter Foundations
What white matter is, how MRI shows its diseases, and how they are classified
- What white matter is
- How MRI detects white matter disease
- Two broad classes of white matter disease
- Four categories of demyelinating disease
- White matter disease classification
Primary Demyelination
Multiple sclerosis and its imaging mimics
- Multiple sclerosis at a glance
- How multiple sclerosis is diagnosed
- What MS lesions look like
- Multiple sclerosis plaques
- FLAIR and where MS likes to sit
- Locations that raise MS suspicion
- Incidental white matter spots
- Incidental punctate white matter foci
- Tumefactive MS (TDL)
- Tumefactive demyelinating lesion
- MS in the spinal cord
Ischemic Demyelination
Small-vessel disease, vasculitis, and their mimics
- Age-related small-vessel disease
- Naming and meaning of white matter changes
- Ischemic demyelination
- Ischemia versus MS in the older patient
- Causes of punctate white matter lesions
- Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
- Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
- CNS vasculitis and lupus
- Lupus cerebritis
- Moyamoya disease
- Moyamoya disease
- Drug-induced vasculopathy
- Drug-induced vasculopathy
- Ependymitis granularis
- Ependymitis granularis (normal finding)
- Virchow–Robin (perivascular) spaces
- Virchow–Robin (perivascular) spaces
- CADASIL disease
- CADASIL disease
Infection-Related Demyelination
Viral white matter disease
- Herpes encephalitis
- Where herpes attacks
- Herpes encephalitis
- ADEM
- ADEM imaging and outcome
- Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
- Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
- Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
- HIV encephalopathy
- Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
Toxic and Metabolic Demyelination
Osmotic, radiation, and nutritional injury
- Central pontine myelinolysis (CPM)
- Why CPM happens
- Imaging CPM and extrapontine myelinolysis
- Osmotic demyelination (central and extrapontine)
- PRES
- PRES mechanism
- Causes of PRES
- PRES imaging notes
- Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome
- Marchiafava–Bignami and Wernicke–Korsakoff
- Wernicke imaging
- Radiation leukoencephalopathy
- Radiation leukoencephalopathy
- Radiation necrosis
- Separating necrosis from tumor
- Radiation necrosis
- Radiation plus methotrexate
Dysmyelinating Diseases
Inherited leukodystrophies
- What dysmyelination means
- Dysmyelinating disease classification
- Metachromatic leukodystrophy
- Adrenal leukodystrophy
- Adrenal leukodystrophy
- Leigh disease
- Leigh disease
- Alexander and Canavan diseases
- Canavan disease
Cerebrospinal Fluid Dynamics
Hydrocephalus and its mimics
- How CSF flows
- Hydrocephalus basics
- Two kinds of hydrocephalus
- Signs of hydrocephalus
- Obstructive hydrocephalus
- Ex vacuo ventriculomegaly versus hydrocephalus
- Causes of hydrocephalus
- Acute versus chronic hydrocephalus
- Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)
Neurodegenerative Disorders
Dementia, movement disorders, and basal ganglia disease
- Alzheimer disease (AD)
- Alzheimer disease
- Imaging Alzheimer disease
- Parkinson disease
- Imaging Parkinson disease
- Huntington disease
- Huntington disease
- Wilson disease
- Other basal ganglia insults
- Carbon monoxide toxicity
Summary
Key points to take away
- Key takeaways — demyelination
- Key takeaways — hydrocephalus and neurodegeneration
- The radiologist's role
- Suggested readings
- Brant and Helms' Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology