← All decks
Radiology
Vascular Ultrasound
Built from Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology
What’s inside
7 sections · 142 slides
Overview
- What vascular ultrasound adds
- Six areas covered in this topic
Doppler Basics
How moving blood changes sound frequency — and how that becomes a waveform
- The Doppler effect
- Doppler shift
- Doppler equation
- Doppler angle and cosine
- Sample volume and duplex scanning
- Doppler frequency shift
- Doppler angle
- Doppler angle cosine values
- Doppler spectral display
- Duplex Doppler display
- High-resistance waveforms
- Low-resistance waveforms
- Two arterial waveform patterns
- High- and low-resistance waveforms
- Laminar blood flow
- Laminar blood flow
- Normal flow reversal at a bifurcation
- Disturbed blood flow
- Velocity ratios
- Doppler velocity ratios
- Assessing arterial stenosis
- Sampling sites across a stenosis
- Flow changes across a stenosis
- Color Doppler
- Color Doppler image
- Power Doppler
- Power Doppler image
- Reading a color Doppler image
- Aliasing
- Aliasing on spectral Doppler
- Aliasing versus flow reversal
- Why aliasing happens
- Doppler gain, scale, and flash
- Vibration and fluid-motion artifacts
Carotid Ultrasound
Plaque, stenosis, and occlusion in the neck arteries
- Stroke and the carotid arteries
- Trials that shaped treatment
- Carotid stenosis treatments
- Imaging and screening
- Carotid anatomy
- ICA versus ECA sonographic features
- Normal carotid Doppler waveforms
- Carotid examination technique
- Plaque formation
- Intima-media thickness
- Intima-media thickness
- The vulnerable plaque
- Vulnerable plaque
- Plaque hemorrhage and ulceration
- Ulcerated plaque
- Plaque calcification
- Grading ICA stenosis
- SRU consensus criteria for carotid stenosis
- Percent carotid stenosis method
- ICA/CCA ratio and EDV
- ICA stenosis — spectral Doppler findings
- Causes of abnormal CCA velocities
- CCA and ECA stenosis
- PSV ratio to estimate stenosis
- Tardus-parvus waveform
- Vertebral artery stenosis
- Carotid occlusion — CCA
- ICA occlusion and externalization
- Internal carotid artery occlusion
- Internalization of the external carotid artery
- Near-occlusion and VA occlusion
- Subclavian steal
- Subclavian steal
- Subclavian steal loop
- Common carotid pitfalls
- Low PSV and valve disease
- Post-treatment carotid ultrasound
- Takayasu arteritis and dissection
- Radiation injury and fibromuscular dysplasia
Abdominal Vessels
The aorta, its branches, and the inferior vena cava
- Abdominal aorta anatomy
- Abdominal aorta and major branches
- Five main aortic branches
- Inferior vena cava anatomy
- Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)
- Aortic aneurysm rupture risk
- Abdominal aortic aneurysm
- Measuring an AAA
- AAA rupture and special types
- Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm
- Aortic dissection and post-repair
- Aortic dissection
- Iliac artery aneurysm
- IVC thrombosis
- Tumor in the IVC
- Tumor thrombus in the inferior vena cava
Peripheral Arteries
Puncture complications, grafts, and arterial disease
- Upper extremity arterial anatomy
- Lower extremity arterial anatomy
- Normal extremity artery waveforms
- Lower extremity arterial anatomy
- Pseudoaneurysm
- Pseudoaneurysm
- Pseudoaneurysm to-and-fro waveform
- Arteriovenous fistula
- Arteriovenous fistula
- Hematoma and peripheral aneurysm
- Peripheral arterial stenosis
- Peripheral arterial occlusion
- Graft surveillance
- Vein graft surveillance principles
- Graft anastomotic stenosis
Venous Ultrasound — Lower Extremity
Detecting deep venous thrombosis and reflux
- Lower extremity DVT — role of US
- Deep venous anatomy
- Superficial venous anatomy
- Lower extremity venous anatomy
- Lower limb venous technique
- Normal lower extremity venous ultrasound
- Why calf veins are skipped
- DVT — risk and importance
- Acute DVT
- Lower extremity deep venous thrombosis
- Loss of phasicity
- Loss of phasicity — iliac vein thrombosis
- Chronic DVT
- Chronic deep venous thrombosis
- Chronic venous insufficiency
- Venous insufficiency and reflux
- Vein mapping
- Why lower-extremity DVT matters
Venous Ultrasound — Upper Extremity
Arm vein thrombosis and thoracic outlet syndrome
- Upper extremity venous anatomy
- Upper extremity venous anatomy
- Upper extremity venous technique
- Normal upper extremity venous ultrasound
- Upper extremity DVT
- Upper extremity venous thrombosis
- Thoracic outlet syndrome — venous
- Thoracic outlet syndrome — venous
- Thoracic outlet syndrome — arterial
- Thoracic outlet syndrome — arterial
- Takeaways — Doppler basics
- Takeaways — carotid ultrasound
- Takeaways — body and peripheral vessels
- References
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- Brant and Helms' Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology