← All decks
Radiology
Valvular Disease
Built from Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology
What’s inside
9 sections · 99 slides
Overview
- Valvular disease at a glance
- Roadmap
Valve Structure and Function
Four valves, their leaflets, cusps, and supporting apparatus
- The four cardiac valves
- Inlet versus outlet valves
- A valve across the cardiac cycle
- Valve function
- Normal trileaflet aortic valve on cardiac CT
- Mitral valve apparatus
- Mitral valve anatomy on cardiac CT
- Papillary muscle blood supply
- Tricuspid valve
- Aortic valve cusps
- Aortic valve sinuses of Valsalva
- Pulmonary valve cusps
- Pulmonary valve anatomy on cardiac CT
Imaging Evaluation of Valve Disease
Echocardiography, radiography, CT, and MRI
- Echocardiography is the workhorse
- What radiography and CT add
- Bioprosthetic aortic, mitral, and tricuspid valves
- Starr–Edwards caged ball prostheses
- Mitral annular calcification (MAC)
- Mitral annular calcification on radiograph and CT
- Mitral annular calcification on radiograph and CT (continued)
- Caseous mitral annular calcification
- Caseous mitral annular calcification
- Why MRI matters for valves
- Phase-contrast MRI
- Turning velocity into a pressure gradient
- Regurgitant volume and fraction
- Severe mitral regurgitation with Coanda effect
- Complex mitral regurgitant jet on 4D flow MRI
- Stroke-volume difference method
Aortic Valve
Congenital and acquired aortic valve disease
- Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV)
- Bicuspid aortic valve with fish-mouth opening
- Bicuspid aortic valve fish-mouth jet
- Ectatic ascending aortic contour in bicuspid aortic valve
- Ectatic ascending aortic contour in bicuspid aortic valve (continued)
- Subaortic membrane
- Subaortic membrane flow acceleration
- Acquired aortic valve disease
- Aortic stenosis
- Calcified aortic stenosis on cardiac CT
- Aortic stenosis calcification on radiograph and CT
- Measuring aortic valve area
- 1.5 cm²
- Valve replacement for aortic stenosis
- Sizing the TAVR device
- Aortic regurgitation
- Aortic regurgitation: compensation then failure
- Severe aortic regurgitation with dilated chambers
- Eccentric aortic regurgitant jet on 4D flow MRI
Mitral Valve
Congenital and acquired mitral valve disease
- Mitral valve prolapse (MVP)
- Mitral valve prolapse on cardiac MRI
- MVP associations and imaging
- Cleft mitral valve
- Congenital mitral stenosis and Shone complex
- Acquired mitral stenosis
- Mitral stenosis consequences
- Mitral stenosis on chest radiograph
- Enlarged left atrial appendage and mitral calcification
- Thickened mitral leaflets in severe stenosis
- Grading mitral stenosis
- 5 mm Hg
- Ischemic mitral regurgitation
- Asymmetric pulmonary edema in acute mitral regurgitation
- Secondary mitral regurgitation
- Secondary mitral regurgitation on cardiac MRI
Tricuspid Valve
Ebstein anomaly, tricuspid atresia, and tricuspid stenosis
- Ebstein anomaly
- Ebstein anomaly with tricuspid valve replacement
- Ebstein anomaly: apical leaflet displacement on MRI
- Ebstein anomaly with severe tricuspid regurgitation
- Ebstein anomaly with severe tricuspid regurgitation (continued)
- Ebstein displacement cutoff
- Tricuspid atresia
- Tricuspid stenosis
Pulmonary Valve
Pulmonary stenosis and pulmonary regurgitation
- Pulmonary stenosis
- Levels of pulmonary stenosis
- Pulmonary stenosis on cardiac MRI
- Subvalvular and supravalvular details
- Pulmonary regurgitation
- Free pulmonary regurgitation after tetralogy repair
- Bioprosthetic pulmonary valve replacement
Acquired Diseases of Multiple Valves
Endocarditis, rheumatic, and carcinoid valve disease
- Infective endocarditis (IE)
- Infective endocarditis sequence
- Imaging infective endocarditis
- Nonbacterial (Libman–Sacks) endocarditis
- Rheumatic heart disease
- Rheumatic heart disease with mitral and tricuspid regurgitation
- Carcinoid valve disease
- Carcinoid heart disease on cardiac MRI
Complications Following Valve Surgery
Infection, dehiscence, and perivalvular leak
- Complications after valve surgery
- Paravalvular leak and pseudoaneurysm after valve replacement
- Key takeaways
- Suggested readings
- Suggested readings
- Suggested readings
- Suggested readings
- Suggested readings
- Suggested readings
- Brant and Helms' Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology