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Radiology
Spine Imaging
Built from Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology
What’s inside
9 sections · 163 slides
Overview
- Scope of spine imaging
Clinical Syndromes
Myelopathy versus radiculopathy
- Two presenting syndromes
- Myelopathy: spinal cord injury
- Why myelopathy is urgent
- Radiculopathy: nerve root pinch
- Myelopathy versus radiculopathy
Imaging Methods
Radiography, myelography, CT, MR, angiography, nuclear medicine
- Conventional radiography
- Myelography
- Myelography technique
- Spinal block and the risk of coning
- Acute cord compression imaged by myelography
- Lesion location by compartment
- Spinal canal lesion compartments
- Differential diagnosis by lesion location (1 of 2)
- Differential diagnosis by lesion location (2 of 2)
- Choosing CT versus MR
- Gadolinium contrast pitfalls
- Diffusion-weighted imaging
- Spinal angiography
- Nuclear medicine bone scan
Inflammation
Demyelination, autoimmune, and radiation-related cord disease
- Myelitis overview
- Multiple sclerosis in the spine
- Multiple sclerosis of the cervical cord
- Neuromyelitis optica (Devic disease)
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Rheumatoid arthritis of the spine
- Rheumatoid arthritis and atlantoaxial instability
- Ankylosing spondylitis
- Ankylosing spondylitis with pseudoarthrosis
- Viral and postinfectious myelitis
- Guillain-Barré syndrome
- Guillain-Barré syndrome
- Neurosarcoidosis
- Neurosarcoidosis
- Arachnoiditis
- Radiation effect on the cord and spine
- Radiation effect on the growing spine
- Other causes of myelitis
Infection
Pyogenic and nonpyogenic infections of the spine and cord
- Spinal infection overview
- Pyogenic organisms
- How pyogenic infection spreads
- Osteomyelitis and discitis
- Early osteomyelitis without significant discitis
- Pyogenic spondylodiscitis
- Pyogenic spondylodiscitis
- The claw sign on diffusion imaging
- Degenerative endplate change versus infection: the claw sign
- Epidural abscess
- Lumbar epidural abscess
- Impending cord compression from discitis and epidural abscess
- Spinal meningitis
- Spinal cord abscess
- Spinal cord abscess
- Imaging clues to infection
- Tuberculosis (Pott disease)
- Tuberculous osteomyelitis (Pott disease)
- Fungal spinal infection
- Viral infection: poliomyelitis
- Poliomyelitis
- Imaging the pathologically collapsed vertebral body (1 of 2)
- Imaging the pathologically collapsed vertebral body (2 of 2)
Neoplasms
Intramedullary, intradural-extramedullary, and extradural tumors
- Approach to spinal tumors
- Intramedullary tumors overview
- Ependymoma
- Ependymoma
- Myxopapillary ependymoma of the filum terminale
- Astrocytoma
- Astrocytoma
- Hemangioblastoma
- Hemangioblastoma
- Syringohydromyelia
- Syrinx with Chiari I malformation
- Intradural-extramedullary tumors
- Spinal meningioma
- Spinal meningioma
- Meningioma versus schwannoma
- Spinal meningioma versus schwannoma
- Nerve sheath tumors
- Small incidental lumbar schwannoma
- Large thoracic schwannoma
- Drop metastases
- Vertebral and leptomeningeal metastases from breast cancer
- Extradural masses and metastases
- Signs of vertebral metastasis
- Early vertebral metastatic disease
- Late vertebral metastatic disease
- Sclerotic metastases
- Prostate cancer metastases
- Hematologic malignancy: leukemia
- Acute leukemia
- Myeloma and plasmacytoma
- Plasmacytoma
- Direct extension of paraspinous tumor
- Lymphoma infiltrating the spinal canal
Vascular Diseases
Spinal cord infarction, vascular malformations, and fistulas
- Spinal cord infarction
- Spinal stroke
- Cavernous malformation
- Cavernous malformation
- Spinal vascular lesions: the key question
- Intramedullary arteriovenous malformation
- Intramedullary arteriovenous malformation
- Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula
- How an SDAVF injures the cord
- Anatomy of a spinal dural arteriovenous fistula
- Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula
- Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula on MR and angiography
Trauma
Vertebral fracture, cord contusion, epidural hematoma, root avulsion
- Imaging spinal trauma
- Compression fractures
- Benign compression fractures, chronic and acute
- Spinal cord contusion
- Vertebral fracture with spinal cord contusion
- From contusion to syrinx
- Epidural hematoma
- Epidural hematoma versus epidural abscess
- Nerve root avulsion
- Nerve root avulsion
Degenerative Diseases
Disc disease, spinal stenosis, spondylolysis, and postoperative spine
- Imaging the degenerative spine
- Posterior annular fissure
- Ossified posterior longitudinal ligament
- Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament
- Disc nomenclature
- Disc nomenclature summary
- Bulge versus herniation
- Disc herniation shapes
- Protrusion
- Disc protrusion
- Extrusion
- Disc extrusion
- Sequestration
- Sequestration with caudal migration
- Disc herniation location
- Zone map of disc herniation location
- Which nerve is compressed?
- Lateral disc and nerve root level
- Spinal stenosis overview
- Central canal stenosis
- Spinal stenosis
- Neural foraminal stenosis
- Severe neural foraminal stenosis
- Lateral recess stenosis
- Spondylolysis
- Spondylolysis
- Spondylolisthesis
- Spondylolisthesis grading scale
- Postoperative spine
- Pseudarthrosis after fusion
- Solid fusion with bony bridging
- Modic endplate changes
- Modic type I-III endplate marrow changes
- Modic marrow progression
- Modic type I
- Modic type I fibrovascular marrow changes
- Modic types II and III
- Facet joint disease
- Facet synovitis
- Intraspinal synovial cyst
- Intraspinal synovial cyst
- Key takeaways
- Suggested readings
- Suggested readings
- Suggested readings
- Suggested readings
- Brant and Helms' Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology