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Radiology
Pharynx and Esophagus
Built from Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology
What’s inside
11 sections · 128 slides
Imaging methods
Barium studies and cross-sectional imaging
- Barium studies of the pharynx and esophagus
- How a pharyngogram is performed
- How the esophagus is studied
- Cross-sectional imaging — CT and MR
Anatomy
Pharynx, esophagus, and the gastroesophageal junction
- The three parts of the pharynx
- Pharyngeal surface landmarks
- Double-contrast pharyngogram
- The esophagus — wall and muscle
- Normal esophageal folds and the feline pattern
- Cross-sectional anatomy of the esophagus
- Landmarks of the gastroesophageal junction
- The lower esophageal sphincter
- Anatomy of the gastroesophageal junction
- The esophageal hiatus and diaphragmatic crura
Normal swallowing and motility
The three phases and esophageal peristalsis
- Swallowing in three phases
- The oral and pharyngeal phases
- How the airway is protected
- Primary and secondary peristalsis
- Tertiary waves
Motility disorders
Dysphagia, aspiration, achalasia, spasm, and GERD
- Swallowing disorders — scope and symptoms
- Dysphagia and where symptoms point
- Causes of pharyngeal swallowing dysfunction
- Aspiration and laryngeal penetration
- Aspiration
- Cricopharyngeal achalasia (cricopharyngeal bar)
- Achalasia — the classic triad
- Achalasia — presentation and imaging
- Achalasia
- Achalasia mimics at a glance
- Chagas disease — an achalasia mimic
- Carcinoma of the GEJ — an achalasia mimic
- Pseudoachalasia — carcinoma of the esophagus
- Diffuse esophageal spasm — what it is
- Diffuse esophageal spasm — imaging
- Diffuse esophageal spasm
- Neuromuscular disorders
- Scleroderma — what it is
- Scleroderma — imaging
- Scleroderma
- Postoperative swallowing changes
- GERD — prevalence and mechanism
- How GERD happens
- GERD — symptoms and complications
- GERD findings on barium esophagram
- Hiatus hernia — definitions and prevalence
- Three types of hiatal hernia
- Sliding hiatus hernia
- Sliding hiatus hernia
- Paraesophageal and compound hernias
- Paraesophageal hiatal hernia
- Compound hiatus hernia
Outpouchings
Diverticula, sacculations, and pseudodiverticula
- Lateral pharyngeal diverticula
- Zenker diverticulum
- Zenker diverticulum
- Killian-Jamieson diverticulum
- Killian-Jamieson diverticulum
- Pulsion versus traction diverticula
- Pulsion diverticulum
- Traction diverticulum
- Epiphrenic diverticula
- Epiphrenic diverticula
- Sacculations and intramural pseudodiverticula
- Reflux esophagitis — sacculations
Esophagitis
Reflux, Barrett, and infectious causes
- Esophagitis — detection and signs
- Ulcer size points to the cause
- Causes of esophageal wall thickening
- Reflux esophagitis (RE)
- Reflux esophagitis — ulcers and complications
- Reflux esophagitis on CT
- Barrett esophagus
- Barrett esophagus
- Infectious esophagitis — overview
- Candida esophagitis
- Candida esophagitis
- Herpes esophagitis
- Cytomegalovirus and HIV esophagitis
- Cytomegalovirus esophagitis
- Tuberculous esophagitis
- Tuberculous esophagitis
- Drug-induced esophagitis
- Drug-induced esophagitis — feline esophagus
- Corrosive ingestion
- Crohn disease and radiation esophagitis
Esophageal stricture
Benign and malignant narrowing
- Strictures — definition and causes
- Reflux stricture and Schatzki ring
- Benign stricture from reflux esophagitis
- Nasogastric tube stricture
- Nasogastric intubation stricture
- Barrett and corrosive strictures
- Alkaline reflux and eosinophilic esophagitis
- Radiation and neoplastic strictures
- Malignant stricture
- Long stricture from esophageal carcinoma
- Esophageal webs
- Esophageal web
- Extrinsic compression
Enlarged esophageal folds
Esophagitis, varices, and mimics
- Enlarged folds — esophagitis
- Varices
- Varices
- Uphill versus downhill varices
- Other causes of enlarged folds
Mass lesions and filling defects
Pharyngeal and esophageal neoplasms
- Pharyngeal carcinoma
- Carcinoma in the piriform recess
- Pharyngeal retention cysts and lymphoma
- Esophageal carcinoma — cell types
- Esophageal carcinoma — four imaging patterns
- Esophageal carcinoma — patterns in detail
- Polypoid squamous cell carcinoma
- Esophageal carcinoma — staging
- Esophageal adenocarcinoma on CT
- Adenocarcinoma at the GEJ
- Adenocarcinoma in Barrett esophagus
- Leiomyoma
- Leiomyoma of the esophagus
- Fibrovascular polyps and duplication cysts
- Esophageal duplication cyst
- Extrinsic lesions and aberrant right subclavian artery
- Aberrant right subclavian artery
Esophageal perforation and trauma
Perforation, Boerhaave, and foreign bodies
- Esophageal perforation
- Perforation — CT and trauma
- Esophageal perforation
- Boerhaave syndrome and Mallory-Weiss tear
- Foreign-body impaction
- Food impaction
Takeaways
Patterns that guide the barium study
- Key takeaways
- Suggested readings
- Suggested readings (continued)
- Brant and Helms' Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology