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Radiology
Pediatric Neuroradiology
Built from Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology
What’s inside
9 sections · 117 slides
Introduction
How pediatric and adult neuroradiology differ
- Pediatric and adult brain imaging compared
- Topics covered
Normal Development
Sulcation and myelination milestones
- Setting the normal baseline
- Fetal brain sulcation across gestation
- Prenatal brain developmental milestones
- Myelination timeline
- How myelin changes MRI signal
- Term neonate myelination landmarks
- Normal myelination in a term neonate
- Terminal zones and delays
Midline Development
Corpus callosum, septum pellucidum, and holoprosencephaly
- Corpus callosum dysgenesis
- Dysgenesis spectrum at a glance
- Complete agenesis of the corpus callosum
- Partial agenesis and lipomas
- Dysgenesis of the corpus callosum with lipoma
- Septo-optic dysplasia
- Septo-optic dysplasia with schizencephaly
- Holoprosencephaly spectrum
- Alobar, semilobar, and lobar forms
- Holoprosencephaly spectrum
Posterior Fossa Malformations
Chiari, Dandy-Walker continuum, molar tooth, rhombencephalosynapsis
- Posterior fossa malformation groups
- Chiari I versus Chiari II
- Chiari I malformation
- Chiari I malformation with syrinx
- Chiari II malformation
- Chiari II malformation
- Dandy-Walker continuum approach
- Dandy-Walker continuum features
- Dandy-Walker continuum
- Classic Dandy-Walker malformation
- Classic Dandy-Walker malformation
- Vermian hypoplasia, Blake pouch, mega cisterna magna
- Joubert syndrome (molar tooth)
- Molar tooth sign in Joubert syndrome
- Rhombencephalosynapsis
- Rhombencephalosynapsis
Malformations of Cortical Development
Proliferation, migration, and cortical organization
- How cortical malformations arise
- Cortical malformation mechanisms
- Microlissencephaly and simplified gyral pattern
- Microlissencephaly
- Hemimegalencephaly
- Hemimegalencephaly in CLOVES syndrome
- Focal cortical dysplasia type II
- Focal cortical dysplasia type IIb
- Gray matter heterotopia
- Periventricular gray matter heterotopias
- Band heterotopia
- Pachygyria with band heterotopia
- Lissencephaly and pachygyria
- Lissencephaly with cell-sparse zone
- Polymicrogyria
- Bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria
- Schizencephaly
- Open-lip and closed-lip schizencephaly
Neonatal Encephalopathy
Injury patterns across brain maturation
- Preterm categories and injury timing
- Reading the injured neonatal brain
- Hydranencephaly
- Hydranencephaly
- Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL)
- Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL)
- Detecting and staging PVL
- Deep nuclear injury
- Diffuse, watershed, and focal injury
- Neonatal injury patterns
- Patterns of diffuse ischemic injury
- Focal arterial ischemic injury
The Phakomatoses
Hereditary neurocutaneous syndromes
- What the phakomatoses are
- Phakomatoses at a glance
- Neurofibromatosis: NF-1 versus NF-2 (1 of 2)
- Neurofibromatosis: NF-1 versus NF-2 (2 of 2)
- NF-1 genetics and skin findings
- Neurofibromatosis type 1 diagnostic criteria
- NF-1 brain MRI findings
- NF-1 T2/FLAIR hyperintense lesions
- NF-1 optic pathway gliomas
- NF-1 brain gliomas and other findings
- Glial tumors in NF-1
- NF-1 spinal lesions
- Spinal lesions in NF-1
- NF-2
- NF-2 cranial nerve and spinal tumors
- Tuberous sclerosis overview
- Tubers (cortical-subcortical lesions)
- Tuberous sclerosis lesion signal
- Subependymal nodules and SEGA
- Tuberous sclerosis tubers, SEN, and SEGA
- TS white matter lesions and treatment
- Sturge-Weber syndrome
- Sturge-Weber syndrome
- von Hippel-Lindau syndrome
- von Hippel-Lindau syndrome
Pediatric Spine
Congenital malformations, syringomyelia, scoliosis
- Why pediatric spine imaging differs
- Neurulation in brief
- Myelomeningocele and myelocele
- Myelomeningocele with Chiari II
- Lipomyelocele and intradural lipoma
- Lipomyelocele with tethered cord
- Dorsal dermal sinus
- Infected dorsal dermal sinus
- Caudal regression syndrome
- Myelocystocele
- Nonterminal myelocystocele
- Split cord malformations
- Type 1 split cord malformation
- Tethered cord syndrome
- Fatty filum terminale with tethered cord
- Syringomyelia
- Syringomyelia with Chiari I
- Scoliosis: the common type
- Idiopathic and syndromic scoliosis
- Nonidiopathic and urgent scoliosis
- Pathologic scoliosis from osteosarcoma
Key Takeaways
A quick review of the topics
- Key takeaways
- References
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- Brant and Helms' Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology