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Radiology
Pediatric MSK
Built from Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology
What’s inside
15 sections · 185 slides
Overview
- Topics in pediatric MSK
Growth and development of the immature skeleton
Bone composition, the growth plate, and the MR appearance of marrow
- Long bone structure in a child
- Why children's bones bend instead of shatter
- MR appearance of bone marrow
- The physis on MRI
- Normal physis on knee MRI
Accidental trauma: fracture patterns and physeal injuries
Five fracture patterns, growth-plate trauma, and apophyseal injuries
- Five pediatric fracture patterns
- Buckle (torus) fracture
- Buckle fracture of the distal radius
- Physeal (growth plate) injuries
- Salter–Harris fracture classification
- Chronic physeal trauma
- Little League shoulder
- Gymnast wrist
- Physeal bars (bone bridges)
- How a physeal bar develops
- Physeal bar patterns and imaging
- Bone bar after physeal injury
- Apophyseal injuries
- Traction apophysitis sites and mechanism
- Pelvic apophysitis and avulsion sites
- Medial epicondylar apophysitis
Fractures unique to children: upper extremity
Clavicle, humerus, elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand injuries
- Clavicle fractures
- Humerus fractures
- Elbow fractures and the CRITOE mnemonic
- CRITOE: elbow ossification center ages
- Supracondylar fracture
- Supracondylar fracture with fat pad sign
- Lateral condylar fracture
- Lateral condylar fracture
- Medial epicondylar fracture
- Entrapped medial epicondylar apophysis
- Forearm, wrist, and hand injuries
Fractures unique to children: lower extremity
Hip, knee, tibia, ankle, and foot injuries
- Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)
- SCFE radiographic signs
- Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
- SCFE treatment and complications
- Patellar sleeve fracture
- Patellar sleeve fracture
- Tibial spine avulsion fracture
- Tibial spine avulsion fracture
- Tibial tubercle fracture
- Ogden classification of tibial tubercle fractures
- Trampoline fracture
- Trampoline fracture of the proximal tibia
- Toddler's fracture
- Toddler's fracture of the distal tibia
- Distal tibial transitional fractures
- Triplane and Tillaux fractures
- Triplane fracture of the distal tibia
- Tillaux fracture of the distal tibia
- Stress and insufficiency fractures
- Foot fractures
- Cuboid fracture
Osteochondral injuries and osteochondroses
Cartilage-bone injuries and the childhood osteochondroses
- Osteochondral lesions (OCLs)
- Osteochondral lesion locations in children
- Judging OCL stability on MRI
- Juvenile osteochondral lesion of the knee
- Osteochondroses
- Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease
- Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease
- Panner disease
- Panner disease of the capitellum
- Köhler disease
- Freiberg's infraction
- Freiberg's infraction
Nonaccidental trauma
Recognizing child abuse on skeletal imaging
- ≈1M
- Risk factors for abuse
- Imaging in suspected abuse
- Classic metaphyseal lesion (CML)
- Classic metaphyseal (bucket handle) fractures
- Rib fractures in abuse
- Nonaccidental trauma: skull and rib fractures
- Skull and other fractures in abuse
Infection
Acute osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, and toxic synovitis
- Acute osteomyelitis: how it starts
- Hematogenous osteomyelitis pathway
- Osteomyelitis imaging
- Osteomyelitis with transphyseal extension
- Osteomyelitis complications
- Septic arthritis versus toxic synovitis
Bone lesions
Benign lesions, then malignant primary bone tumors
- Osteochondroma
- Multiple hereditary exostoses
- Trevor disease
- Trevor disease
- Chondroblastoma
- Chondroblastoma of the proximal humerus
- Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH)
- LCH imaging
- Langerhans cell histiocytosis: skull lesion
- Langerhans cell histiocytosis: vertebra plana
- Osteosarcoma: the basics
- Osteosarcoma imaging
- Osteosarcoma with sunburst periosteal reaction
- Osteosarcoma subtypes and treatment
- Ewing sarcoma
- Ewing sarcoma of the rib
- Ewing sarcoma staging and treatment
- Leukemia
- Leukemia: leukemic lines and flip-flop sign
Soft tissue lesions
Infantile hemangiomas and fibromatosis colli
- Infantile hemangioma
- Infantile hemangioma phases
- Hemangioma imaging and associations
- Infantile hemangioma on ultrasound
- Fibromatosis colli
- Fibromatosis colli on ultrasound
Constitutional disorders of bone
Skeletal dysplasias, Caffey disease, and neurofibromatosis
- Skeletal dysplasias: approach
- Skeletal dysplasia radiographic features
- Achondroplasia
- Achondroplasia
- Thanatophoric dwarfism
- Mucopolysaccharidoses
- Mucopolysaccharidoses (Hurler syndrome)
- Osteogenesis imperfecta
- Osteogenesis imperfecta subtypes
- OI imaging and the abuse mimic
- Osteogenesis imperfecta
- Osteopetrosis
- Osteopetrosis: sandwich vertebrae
- Cleidocranial dysplasia
- Caffey disease
- Caffey disease (infantile cortical hyperostosis)
- Neurofibromatosis type 1
- Neurofibromatosis with dystrophic scoliosis
- Neurofibromatosis and tibial pseudoarthrosis
Metabolic bone disease
Rickets, scurvy, and lead poisoning
- Rickets
- Rickets of the wrist
- Scurvy
- Scurvy: Frankel line and Trümmerfeld zone
- Lead poisoning
Congenital and developmental bone and joint disorders
Lower and upper limb disorders, plus amniotic band syndrome
- Proximal focal femoral deficiency
- Proximal focal femoral deficiency
- Blount disease
- Blount disease
- Tarsal coalition
- Talocalcaneal coalition (C sign)
- Clubfoot (talipes equinovarus)
- Congenital talipes equinovarus (clubfoot)
- Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)
- DDH ultrasound
- Developmental dysplasia of the hip
- DDH radiographs
- Radiographic evaluation of hip dysplasia
- DDH treatment
- Shoulder dysplasia
- Amniotic band syndrome
- Amniotic band syndrome
Inflammatory conditions
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, hemophilic arthropathy, and CRMO
- Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)
- JIA joint damage pathway
- JIA imaging
- Juvenile idiopathic arthritis on MRI
- Hemophilic arthropathy
- Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO)
- Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis
Hemoglobinopathies
Sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia
- Sickle cell disease: bone changes
- Sickle cell disease: codfish vertebrae
- Sickle cell dactylitis and osteonecrosis
- Sickle cell osteomyelitis
- β-Thalassemia
- β-Thalassemia: rib expansion
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- References (continued)
- Brant and Helms' Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology