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Radiology
Pediatric Chest
Built from Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology
What’s inside
10 sections · 149 slides
Overview
- “
- What this deck covers
The Pediatric Chest Radiograph
Separating normal from abnormal in a child's chest
- Reading the pediatric chest
- Expiration mimics disease
- Expiratory versus repeat normal chest radiograph
- Single view versus two views
- Repeating a chest radiograph
- Heart size on the chest radiograph
- Cardiac configuration pitfalls
- The aorta on the pediatric CXR
- The thymus in infants
- Thymus on chest radiograph and MRI
- Thymic wave sign and notch
- Normal right thymic lobe and the wave sign
- Thymic involution and rebound
- Rebound thymic enlargement after surgery
- Rebound thymic enlargement — asymmetric
- Lung volume and rib counting
- Asymmetric lung attenuation
- Air trapping on decubitus views
- Hyperlucent and hyperdense lung
- Swyer–James syndrome (bronchiolitis obliterans)
- The normal pediatric trachea
- Tracheal buckling
- Normal tracheal buckling
- Tracheal impressions and vascular rings
- Right-sided tracheal impression from a right aortic arch
The Neonatal Chest
Four lung-disease patterns, air leaks, and lines and tubes
- Neonatal lung disease framework
- Four neonatal lung disease patterns
- Surfactant deficiency disease
- Surfactant deficiency disease
- Meconium aspiration
- Meconium aspiration
- Retained lung fluid
- Retained lung fluid
- Neonatal pneumonia and hemorrhage
- Neonatal pneumonia
- Group B streptococcal pneumonia
- Group B streptococcal pneumonia
- Bronchopulmonary dysplasia — old and new
- Old bronchopulmonary dysplasia
- New bronchopulmonary dysplasia
- Pneumothorax in the neonate
- Bilateral pneumothoraces in a supine neonate
- Tension pneumothorax without lung collapse
- Skin fold versus pneumothorax
- Skin fold simulating pneumothorax
- Pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium
- Pneumomediastinum with elevated thymus
- Pulmonary interstitial emphysema
- How pulmonary interstitial emphysema develops
- Pulmonary interstitial emphysema
- Endotracheal tube position
- Umbilical catheters
- Umbilical venous and arterial catheters
- Umbilical arterial catheter placement
- Umbilical venous catheter course
- Umbilical venous catheter course
- Useful measurements for catheter tip position
- ECMO catheters
- ECMO catheters in a newborn
Congenital Lung Malformations
Cysts, sequestrations, and airway anomalies present at birth
- Congenital lung malformations overview
- Fetal MRI of congenital pulmonary airway malformation
- The feeding vessel is the key feature
- Congenital lung lesion — the key decision
- Congenital pulmonary airway malformation
- CPAM types
- Type 1 congenital pulmonary airway malformation
- Sequestration
- Intralobar sequestration with feeding vessel
- Foregut duplication cysts
- Mediastinal bronchogenic cyst
- Congenital lobar overinflation
- Congenital lobar overinflation
- Other parenchymal abnormalities
- Scimitar syndrome
- Scimitar (hypogenetic lung) syndrome
- Bronchial atresia
- Bronchial atresia with mucocele
- Tracheal and bronchial anomalies
- Tracheal stenosis and complete rings
- Complete tracheal rings
Pulmonary Infection
Pneumonia patterns, the organisms, and childhood tuberculosis
- Pneumonia in children — role of the CXR
- Viral versus bacterial patterns
- Viral versus bacterial CXR pattern
- The viral pattern
- Airways disease pattern on chest radiograph
- The bacterial pattern
- Bacterial pneumonia with consolidation
- How well do the patterns predict?
- Age predicts the organism
- Common organisms causing community-acquired pneumonia
- Chlamydia pneumonia
- Chlamydia pneumonia
- RSV and bronchiolitis
- Mycoplasma pneumonia
- Pneumococcal pneumonia and round pneumonia
- Round pneumonia
- Separating round pneumonia from a mass
- Primary tuberculosis in children
- Primary tuberculosis
- Imaging tuberculosis in children
Masses, Mediastinum, and Chest Wall
Tumors, nodules, and where they sit in the chest
- Lung masses in children
- Benign and malignant lung tumors
- Lung nodules and cysts
- Mediastinal divisions
- Mediastinal divisions
- The thymus in the mediastinum
- Anterior and middle mediastinal lesions
- Posterior mediastinum — neurogenic tumors
- Mediastinal lesions in children
- Neuroblastoma with left paraspinal widening
- Chest wall lesions
- Chest wall lesions in children
Diffuse Lung Disease and Systemic Conditions
Childhood interstitial lung disease, CF, sickle cell, and collagen disease
- Childhood interstitial lung disease
- Causes of diffuse (interstitial) lung disease
- Neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy
- Neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy (NEHI)
- Surfactant protein mutations
- Surfactant protein mutation with crazy paving
- Alveolar growth abnormality
- Alveolar growth abnormality
- Immunodeficiencies
- Cystic fibrosis
- Sickle cell and collagen vascular disease
- Polymyositis with reticular ground glass
Lung Trauma
Spontaneous pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and blunt chest injury
- Spontaneous pneumothorax
- Pneumomediastinum in children
- Blunt chest trauma
- Aortic injury and CT strategy
The Upper Airway
Croup, epiglottitis, and other airway infections and anomalies
- Evaluating the upper airway
- Croup
- Croup
- Bacterial tracheitis
- Bacterial tracheitis
- Epiglottitis (supraglottitis)
- Epiglottitis
- Retropharyngeal abscess
- Laryngomalacia
- Obstructive sleep apnea
Key Takeaways
A short revision summary of the pediatric chest
- Pediatric chest — key takeaways
- References
- References
- References
- References
- References
- References
- References
- Brant and Helms' Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology