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The first 25 slides, exactly as they appear. The full deck has 184 content slides.
Radiology
Liver, Biliary Tree, and Gallbladder
Built from Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology
What’s inside
10 sections · 184 slides
Imaging the liver
MDCT, MR, US, and radionuclide approaches to the liver
- Imaging methods for the liver
- Multidetector CT multiphase protocol
- MDCT acquisition phases
- MR sequences and contrast agents
- Ultrasound and radionuclide roles
Liver anatomy
Couinaud segments, blood supply, and perfusion variants
- Couinaud segments
- Segmental planes of the liver
- Segment numbering
- Couinaud liver segments
- International nomenclature for anatomic liver segments
- Blood supply of the liver
- Perfusion abnormalities
- Recognizing a perfusion anomaly
- Causes of altered liver perfusion
- Portal versus arterial causes
- CT and MR attenuation baselines
- Third-inflow perfusion defect in segment 4b
Diffuse liver disease
Hepatomegaly, fatty liver, hepatitis, cirrhosis, and vascular disorders
- Hepatomegaly
- Causes of hepatomegaly
- Fatty liver and its causes
- 15%
- Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- Fatty liver on ultrasound
- Fatty liver on CT
- Fatty liver on MR
- Patterns of fatty deposition
- Fatty liver patterns
- Diffuse fatty liver — CT
- Diffuse fatty liver — MR
- Focal fatty liver and focal sparing
- Focal fatty liver
- Fatty infiltration with focal sparing
- Multifocal, perivascular, and subcapsular fat
- Multifocal fatty liver
- Acute and chronic viral hepatitis
- Cirrhosis
- Morphologic changes of cirrhosis
- Extrahepatic signs of cirrhosis
- Cirrhosis on US, CT, and MR
- Conditions that mimic cirrhosis
- Cirrhosis and portal hypertension
- Nodules in a cirrhotic liver
- Nodule pathway to cancer
- Regenerative nodules
- Dysplastic nodules
- Siderotic nodules
- Regenerative nodules in cirrhosis
- Causes of nodules in a cirrhotic liver
- LI-RADS and its major criteria
- LI-RADS ancillary features
- Small hepatocellular carcinoma
- LI-RADS categories and management
- Small hepatocellular carcinoma — MR
- Small hepatocellular carcinoma — MR (duplicate view)
- Hypertrophic pseudomass and confluent fibrosis
- Confluent fibrosis
- Portal hypertension
- Portosystemic collaterals
- Portal vein thrombosis
- Portal vein thrombosis — hepatocellular carcinoma
- Budd–Chiari syndrome
- Budd–Chiari syndrome
- Passive hepatic congestion
- Hemochromatosis
- Patterns of iron deposition
- Hemochromatosis — reticuloendothelial pattern
- Gas in the portal venous system
- Portal venous gas versus pneumobilia
Liver masses
Metastases, hepatocellular carcinoma, and benign focal lesions
- Characterizing a liver mass
- Benign versus malignant MR features
- Causes of hyperintensity in focal liver lesions on MR T1WI
- Causes of hypointensity in focal liver lesions on MR T2WI
- Hypervascular lesions by liver type
- Metastases
- Hypo- and hypervascular metastases
- Metastases
- Causes of multiple small (10 mm) lesions in the liver
- Cavernous hemangioma
- Hemangioma on US, CT, and MR
- Hemangioma cautions
- Cavernous hemangioma
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- HCC growth patterns
- HCC enhancement and MR signal
- Features of large HCC
- Hepatocellular carcinoma — solitary massive — CT
- Hepatocellular carcinoma — solitary massive — MR
- Fat-containing lesions in the liver
- Focal nodular hyperplasia
- FNH on US, CT, and MR
- Focal nodular hyperplasia — MR
- Hepatic adenoma
- Adenoma imaging
- Hepatic adenoma — MR
- Fibrolamellar carcinoma
- Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma — CT
- Lymphoma and hematomas
- Primary hepatic lymphoma — CT
- Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
- Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia — CT
- Peliosis hepatis
- Benign hepatic cyst
- Hepatic cysts — CT
- Polycystic liver disease
- Polycystic liver disease — MR
- Biliary hamartomas
- Biliary hamartomas — MR
- Biliary cystadenoma
- Biliary cystadenoma — MR
- Pyogenic abscess
- Pyogenic abscess — CT
- Amebic abscess
- Amebic abscess — CT
- Hydatid cyst
- Hydatid cyst — CT
- Cystic or necrotic tumor and tiny lesions
- Too small to characterize
Biliary tree
Imaging and anatomy of the intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts
- Imaging the biliary tree
- MRCP, ERCP, and PTC
- Biliary anatomy
- Common bile duct course
- Normal duct measurements
- Biliary anatomic variants
- Normal MRCP
- Causes of filling defects in the bile ducts
Biliary dilatation
Obstruction, stones, strictures, cholangitis, cysts, and tumors
- Biliary dilatation versus obstruction
- Signs of biliary dilation
- Benign versus malignant obstruction
- Biliary dilation — CT
- Causes of biliary tract obstruction
- Choledocholithiasis
- Obstructing stone in common bile duct — CT
- Choledocholithiasis — MR
- Benign stricture and pancreatitis
- Primary sclerosing cholangitis
- Primary sclerosing cholangitis — ERCP
- HIV-associated cholangitis
- Acute bacterial cholangitis
- Acute bacterial cholangitis — CT
- Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis
- Caroli disease
- Caroli disease — MR
- Choledochal cysts
- Todani classification
- Classification of congenital biliary cysts
- Choledochal cyst — Type I — ERCP
- Pancreatic, ampullary, and metastatic causes
- Cholangiocarcinoma
- Cholangiocarcinoma by site
- Peripheral cholangiocarcinoma
- Cholangiocarcinoma — peripheral — CT
- Hilar cholangiocarcinoma (Klatskin tumor)
- Cholangiocarcinoma — hilar — PTC
- Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
- Intraductal papillary mucinous tumor
Gas in the biliary tract
Pneumobilia and biliary-enteric fistulas
- Pneumobilia
- Causes of gas in the biliary tract
- Choledochoduodenal fistula — UGI
Gallbladder
Gallstones, cholecystitis, and gallbladder carcinoma
- Imaging methods for the gallbladder
- Gallbladder anatomy
- Gallbladder measurements
- Gallstones
- Gallstone detection
- Cholelithiasis
- Gallbladder lesions mistaken for stones
- Acute cholecystitis
- Acute cholecystitis — CT
- Acalculous cholecystitis
- Sludge
- Complications of acute cholecystitis
- Emphysematous cholecystitis — CT
- Chronic cholecystitis
- Chronic cholecystitis variants
- Porcelain gallbladder
- Gallbladder wall thickening
- Adenomyomatosis
- Gallbladder carcinoma
- Gallbladder carcinoma
Takeaways
The messages to carry into practice
- Liver, biliary tree, and gallbladder — key points
References
Suggested readings from the chapter
- Suggested readings
- Suggested readings
- Suggested readings
- Suggested readings
- Brant and Helms' Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology