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Radiology
Craniofacial Trauma
Built from Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology
What’s inside
3 sections · 144 slides
Overview
- Craniofacial trauma at a glance
Head Trauma
Imaging strategy, primary and secondary injury patterns, brainstem injury, penetrating trauma, outcome, and child abuse.
- Initial imaging: CT first
- Reading the trauma CT with multiple windows
- The role of MRI
- Where MRI outperforms CT
- Vascular imaging, skull films, and decision rules
- Scalp injury
- Skull fractures
- Depressed skull fracture
- Depressed and compound fractures
- Temporal bone fracture: presentation
- Clues on a standard head CT
- Pneumolabyrinth
- Two ways to classify temporal bone fractures
- Longitudinal temporal bone fractures
- Longitudinal temporal bone fracture
- Ossicular dislocation
- Transverse temporal bone fractures
- Otic capsule-violating temporal bone fracture
- Otic capsule-sparing versus violating fractures
- Primary versus secondary head injury
- Primary lesions
- Secondary lesions
- Epidural hematoma
- Epidural hematoma: lucid interval and venous forms
- Epidural versus subdural hematoma
- Epidural hematoma
- Epidural hematoma on CT
- Venous epidural hematomas
- A heterogeneous epidural hematoma is a warning
- Subdural hematoma
- Subdural hematoma on CT
- Acute subdural hematoma
- How subdural density changes over time
- Finding an isodense subdural hematoma
- Subacute subdural hematoma
- Subdural hematoma on MRI
- Chronic subdural hematoma
- Rebleeding and acute-on-chronic subdural hematoma
- Subarachnoid hemorrhage
- Subarachnoid hemorrhage
- Subarachnoid hemorrhage on MRI
- Subarachnoid hemorrhage on CT and FLAIR
- When subarachnoid blood may not be traumatic
- Intraventricular hemorrhage
- Diffuse axonal injury
- Diffuse axonal injury: clinical setting
- Diffuse axonal injury on CT
- Acute diffuse axonal injury
- Diffuse axonal injury on MRI
- Severe diffuse axonal injury
- DAI location tracks injury severity
- Chronic traumatic axonal injury on MRI
- Why the corpus callosum is vulnerable
- Cortical contusions
- Cortical contusions on CT
- Hemorrhagic cortical contusion
- Cortical contusions on MRI and their sequelae
- Intracerebral hematoma
- Intracerebral hematoma
- Subcortical gray matter injury
- Traumatic cerebral vascular injuries
- Carotid artery dissection
- Posttraumatic pseudoaneurysm
- Carotid cavernous fistula
- Carotid cavernous fistula
- Dural vascular fistulas
- Coup and contrecoup injury
- How force duration shapes the injury
- Diffuse cerebral swelling: hyperemia or edema
- Hyperemic brain swelling
- Diffuse cerebral edema
- Diffuse cerebral edema
- Types of brain herniation
- Types of brain herniation
- Subfalcine herniation
- Uncal herniation
- Uncal herniation
- Transtentorial, tonsillar, and external herniation
- Hydrocephalus after trauma
- Posttraumatic ischemia and infarction
- Cerebrospinal fluid leak
- CSF leak
- Leptomeningeal cyst
- Leptomeningeal cyst
- Encephalomalacia
- Primary brainstem injury
- Primary brainstem injury
- Secondary brainstem injury and Duret hemorrhage
- Duret hemorrhage
- Penetrating trauma
- Gunshot wound
- Gunshot wounds
- Glasgow Coma Scale
- Glasgow Coma Scale
- Predicting outcome after head trauma
- Child abuse: head injury
- Shaken impact injury
- Subdural hematoma in child abuse
- Benign extra-axial fluid versus chronic subdural
- Diffuse brain swelling in child abuse
- Imaging the abused child
Facial Trauma
Imaging strategy, soft-tissue signs, and fractures of the nose, sinuses, orbits, zygoma, midface, nasoethmoid region, and mandible.
- Facial imaging: CT first
- Facial radiographs
- Facial MRI and angiography
- Soft-tissue signs of facial fracture
- Other findings to check
- Nasal fractures
- Nasal films and septal hematoma
- Maxillary alveolus and palate fractures
- Palate fracture
- Paranasal sinus fractures
- Orbital wall fractures
- Medial orbital wall fracture
- Orbital floor blow-out fracture
- Orbital floor fracture
- Globe injury and intraocular foreign bodies
- Globe trauma
- Intraocular metallic foreign body
- Traumatic optic neuropathy
- Zygomatic arch fractures
- Zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture
- Zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture
- Le Fort fracture classification
- Le Fort fracture patterns
- Le Fort I: the floating palate
- Le Fort I fracture
- Le Fort II: the pyramidal fracture
- Le Fort III: craniofacial disjunction
- Naso-orbitoethmoid complex fracture
- Naso-orbitoethmoid complex fracture
- Nasoethmoidal fracture complications
- Mandibular fractures: basics
- Mandibular fracture patterns
- Mandibular condylar fracture
- Subcondylar and other mandibular sites
- Key takeaways: head injury
- Key takeaways: facial injury
- References
- References
- References
- References
- References
- Brant and Helms' Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology