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The first 25 slides, exactly as they appear. The full deck has 153 content slides.
Radiology
Central Nervous System Neoplasms and Tumor-like Masses
Built from Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology
What’s inside
16 sections · 153 slides
Overview
- 22 / 100,000
- Why CNS tumors matter
- How this chapter is organized
Tumor Classification
How CNS tumors are named and graded
- A histogenetic classification
- WHO categories and grading
- Pathologic classification by histologic appearance
Clinical Presentation
Headache, seizures, and focal deficits
- Presenting symptoms
- Headache and seizure mechanisms
- Focal deficits follow location
Neuroimaging Protocol
CT, MRI, and advanced sequences
- CT versus MRI
- Core MRI sequences
- Diffusion imaging
- Perfusion imaging
- MR spectroscopy
- Metabolite peaks on MR spectroscopy
- PET and radiotracers
Neuroimaging Analysis
Mass, location, and imaging patterns
- Three questions for any mass
- Is it a mass?
- Tumor/edema versus chronic gliosis
- Intra-axial versus extra-axial
- Intra-axial versus extra-axial compartments
- Imaging patterns to evaluate
- Radiologic classification by neuroimaging appearance
- Hemorrhage
- Mnemonic for hemorrhagic metastases (MR CT BB)
- Herniation patterns
- Hydrocephalus
- Low attenuation on CT
- High attenuation on CT
- Mnemonic for calcified intracranial masses (CA COME)
- T1 hyperintensity
- T2 hypointensity
- Blood-brain barrier and enhancement
- What enhancement means in tumors
Postoperative Imaging
Timing the postoperative scan
- Postoperative scan timing
Follow-Up Imaging
Residual tumor versus treatment effect
- Treatment and follow-up
- Stupp protocol for glioblastoma
- Radiation effect versus recurrence
- Five possibilities in glioblastoma follow-up
Specific Neoplasms
A differential, not a guarantee
- Specific diagnosis is a differential
Intra-Axial Tumors: Glial
Astrocytomas to choroid plexus tumors
- Intra-axial glial tumors
- Astrocytoma overview
- Two groups of gliomas by growth pattern
- Pilocytic astrocytoma
- Other circumscribed astrocytomas
- Circumscribed astrocytoma imaging
- Pilocytic astrocytoma in three children
- Diffuse and anaplastic astrocytoma
- Diffuse astrocytoma imaging
- Diffuse and anaplastic astrocytoma in two adults
- Glioblastoma
- Glioblastoma genetics and survival
- How glioblastoma becomes necrotic
- Glioblastoma imaging
- Glioblastoma in three adults
- Ring enhancement
- Mnemonic for ring enhancing lesions (MAGIC DR)
- Butterfly glioma
- Butterfly glioma with pseudoprogression then progression
- Brainstem glioma
- Brainstem gliomas in two adults
- Gliomatosis cerebri
- Oligodendroglioma
- Oligodendroglioma molecular markers
- Classification of diffuse gliomas by phenotype/genotype
- Oligodendroglioma imaging
- Oligodendroglioma and anaplastic oligodendroglioma
- Ependymoma
- Ependymoma imaging
- Ependymal tumors in two adults
- Subependymoma
- Choroid plexus tumors
- Choroid plexus imaging
- Choroid plexus tumors in two patients
Intra-Axial Tumors: Nonglial
Neuronal and embryonal tumors
- Nonglial neuroepithelial tumors
- Neuronal tumors
- Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNET)
- Gangliocytoma and ganglioglioma
- Dysplastic cerebellar gangliocytoma
- Desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma and ganglioglioma
- Other rare glioneuronal tumors
- Central neurocytoma
- Neuronal tumors in three patients
- Embryonal tumors
- Medulloblastoma
- Medulloblastoma subtypes
- Mnemonic for pediatric posterior fossa tumors (GAME)
- Molecular versus histologic subtypes of medulloblastoma
- Medulloblastoma imaging
- Medulloblastoma in a young patient
- Other embryonal tumors
Intra-Axial Tumors: Nonneuroepithelial
Hemangioblastoma, lymphoma, metastases
- Nonneuroepithelial intra-axial tumors
- Hemangioblastoma
- Hemangioblastoma imaging
- Hemangioblastoma
- Primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL)
- PCNSL imaging
- Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL)
- Metastatic tumors
- Metastasis imaging
- Metastatic disease
- Leptomeningeal disease
Extra-Axial Tumors
Schwannoma, meningioma, and other dural masses
- Schwannoma
- Schwannoma imaging
- Schwannoma
- Mnemonic for cerebellopontine angle masses (AMEN)
- NF2 and schwannomatosis
- Meningioma
- Meningioma WHO grading
- Meningioma imaging
- Meningioma shape and edema
- Dural-based tumors
- Simplified approach to dural-based masses
- Ventricular meningioma
- Simplified approach to ventricular tumors
- Hemangiopericytoma
- Solitary fibrous tumor spectrum
- Hemangiopericytoma imaging
- Meningeal melanocytoma and melanoma
Pineal Region Masses
Pineal parenchymal and germ cell tumors
- The pineal gland
- Pineal region mass categories
- Pineal parenchymal tumors
- Pineal germ cell tumors
- Germinoma and other germ cell tumors
- Pineal region tumors
- Tumors from adjacent structures
- Simplified approach to pineal region masses
Sellar Region Masses
Pituitary adenomas and suprasellar lesions
- Sella and pituitary
- Pituitary adenomas
- Microadenoma hormones
- Macroadenoma effects
- Adenoma imaging
- Sellar region tumors and a cyst
- Craniopharyngioma
- Mnemonic for suprasellar masses (SATCHMO)
- Rathke cleft cyst
- Other sellar region masses
Masses of Developmental Origin
Congenital lesions that mimic tumor
- Developmental 'masses'
- Arachnoid cysts
- Epidermoid and dermoid cysts
- Epidermoid versus dermoid tumors
- Epidermoid imaging
- Dermoid imaging
- Colloid cyst
- Lipoma
- Gray matter heterotopia and hypothalamic hamartoma
- Developmental masses (not tumor)
- Key takeaways
References
Suggested readings from the chapter
- References
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- Brant and Helms' Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology