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Radiology
Central Nervous System Infections
Built from Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology
What’s inside
6 sections · 149 slides
Overview
- The landscape of CNS infections
- 30–70%
- Choosing CT versus MRI
Congenital Infections
TORCH pathogens cross the placenta and injure the developing brain
- TORCH: the congenital infection group
- What TORCH means
- Cytomegalovirus: the most common one
- CMV: periventricular injury
- Congenital CMV: periventricular calcifications
- CMV: early infection disturbs brain formation
- Toxoplasmosis: second in frequency
- Toxoplasmosis: scattered calcifications
- Congenital toxoplasmosis: scattered calcifications
- Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
- Neonatal herpes encephalitis
- Neonatal herpes: imaging findings
- Neonatal herpes encephalitis on CT
- Congenital HIV
- Congenital rubella
- Congenital rubella: basal ganglia calcifications
- Zika virus infection
- Congenital Zika: calcifications and cortical malformation
- Zika: MRI features and screening
Extra-axial Infections
Epidural and subdural collections plus meningitis, outside the brain
- Epidural and subdural empyemas
- Epidural abscess on contrast CT
- Epidural versus subdural collections
- Complications and DWI clues
- Subdural empyema on MRI
- Benign meningeal enhancement after surgery
- Benign postoperative meningeal enhancement
- Bacterial meningitis: the organisms
- Bacterial meningitis by age group
- Bacterial meningitis: presentation
- Bacterial meningitis: early and late CT
- Bacterial meningitis: complications
- Subdural effusion in H. influenzae meningitis
- Tuberculous meningitis: clinical picture
- Tuberculous meningitis: imaging
- Tuberculous meningitis: basal cistern enhancement
- TB meningitis: vascular complications
- Fungal meningitis
- Coccidioidomycosis meningitis on MRI
- Racemose (meningobasal) cysticercosis
- Racemose cysticercosis in the sylvian fissure
- Intraventricular cysticercosis
- Intraventricular cysticercosis
- Viral meningitis
- Neurosarcoidosis
- Neurosarcoidosis: leptomeningeal enhancement
Parenchymal Infections
Infection inside the brain: cerebritis, abscess, granuloma, and encephalitis
- How pyogenic brain infections arise
- Where abscesses form
- Clinical features of brain abscess
- Treatment of pyogenic abscess
- Four stages of cerebritis and abscess
- Early cerebritis
- Evolution from cerebritis to abscess
- Late cerebritis
- Late cerebritis on contrast CT
- Early capsule
- Late capsule
- Multiple pyogenic abscesses
- Pyogenic cerebral abscess: classic MRI features
- Ventricular rupture risk
- Abscess differential diagnosis
- Septic embolus
- Tuberculoma and tuberculous abscess
- Tuberculoma: clinical picture
- Tuberculoma: imaging
- Multiple tuberculomas
- Tuberculous abscess
- Endemic versus opportunistic fungi
- Endemic fungal infections
- Fungal granuloma imaging
- Histoplasmosis granuloma
- Opportunistic fungal infections
- Aspergillosis
- Disseminated aspergillosis: necrotic mass
- Aspergillosis: T2-hypointense lesions
- Mucormycosis
- Mucormycosis with sinus invasion
- Candidiasis
- Cryptococcosis
- Cryptococcosis: imaging
- Parasitic infections overview
- Cysticercosis: the parasite
- Cysticercosis: clinical picture
- Parenchymal cysticercosis: four stages
- Cysticercosis: staging details
- Cysticercosis: vesicular stage
- Cysticercosis: colloid stage with scolex
- Late-stage calcified cysticercosis
- Spinal and extra-axial cysticercosis
- Echinococcosis (hydatid disease)
- Toxoplasmosis (acquired)
- Amebic meningoencephalitis
- Granulomatous amebic encephalitis
- Neurosyphilis
- Meningovascular syphilis
- Meningovascular syphilis
- Lyme disease
- Lyme disease: parenchymal imaging
- Herpes simplex encephalitis
- HSV encephalitis: imaging pattern
- Adult HSV1 encephalitis on CT
- HSV1 encephalitis: FLAIR pattern
- HSV1 encephalitis: FLAIR, DWI, and late enhancement
- Varicella zoster virus (VZV)
- Cytomegalovirus encephalitis
- Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)
- SSPE: reduced diffusion on ADC maps
- Arboviral and other encephalitides
- West Nile encephalitis: thalamic signal
- Rasmussen encephalitis
- Cerebellitis: causes and clinical picture
- Cerebellitis: imaging
- Cerebellitis on MRI
- Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
- ADEM: white matter lesions on FLAIR
- ADEM: imaging and variants
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
A prion disease that rapidly destroys the brain
- Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: the prion
- Sporadic CJD: imaging
- CJD: cortical ribbon on DWI
- New variant CJD
AIDS-Related Infections
Opportunistic infections and lymphoma in the immunocompromised brain
- AIDS and the CNS
- The AIDS brain differential
- HIV encephalopathy
- HIV encephalopathy: imaging
- AIDS-related cerebral atrophy
- HIV encephalopathy: white matter signal
- CNS toxoplasmosis in AIDS
- Toxoplasmosis: imaging appearance
- Toxoplasmosis: ring-enhancing lesions
- Toxoplasmosis before and after treatment
- Fungal meningitis in AIDS
- Cryptococcal pseudocysts
- Cryptococcosis and toxoplasmosis
- Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
- PML: imaging
- PML: corona radiata lesion
- CMV and other viral infections in AIDS
- Mycobacterial infections in AIDS
- Primary CNS lymphoma in AIDS
- Primary CNS lymphoma on CT
- Toxoplasmosis versus lymphoma in AIDS
- Key takeaways
- References
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- Brant and Helms' Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology