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Radiology
Abdomen and Pelvis
Built from Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology
What’s inside
15 sections · 122 slides
Imaging methods
How the abdomen and pelvis are imaged
- Imaging the abdomen and pelvis
Compartmental anatomy
Peritoneal, retroperitoneal, and pelvic spaces and their recesses
- Why compartments matter
- Two parts of the peritoneal cavity
- Anatomy of the peritoneal cavity
- How free fluid tracks
- The right upper peritoneal spaces
- The left upper peritoneal spaces
- Falciform and coronary ligaments
- The lesser sac
- Lesser omentum and lesser sac
- Greater omentum
- Three retroperitoneal compartments
- The anterior pararenal space
- Retroperitoneal compartmental anatomy
- The perirenal space
- The posterior pararenal space
- Three compartments of the pelvis
- Compartmental anatomy of the pelvis
- The pelvic peritoneal cavity
- Perineal tumor in the ischiorectal fossa
Fluid in the peritoneal cavity
Ascites and its many causes
- What the fluid can be
- Reading ascites on plain films
- Ascites on CT, US, and MR
- Pseudomyxoma peritonei (jelly belly)
- Pseudomyxoma peritonei
Pneumoperitoneum
Free intraperitoneal air and bowel perforation
- Free air means bowel perforation
- How to catch free air
- Pneumoperitoneum on conventional radiographs
- Free air on CT
- Pneumoperitoneum on CT
Abdominal calcifications
A diagnostic sign to search for on every study
- A sign to search for everywhere
- Vascular calcifications and phleboliths
- Abdominal aortic aneurysm
- Gallstones and porcelain gallbladder
- Porcelain gallbladder
- Urinary calculi
- Staghorn calculus
- Bladder calculi
- Organ calcifications
- Adrenal calcifications
- Pancreatic calcifications
- Cysts, tumors, and soft-tissue calcifications
- Calcified renal cyst
- Tumoral calcifications
Acute abdomen
Gas patterns, ileus, obstruction, and gas-forming infection
- The acute abdomen series
- Common causes of acute abdomen
- Normal bowel gas pattern
- Normal bowel gas pattern
- Dilated small versus large bowel
- When is bowel dilated?
- Adynamic ileus
- Common causes of adynamic ileus
- Sentinel loop
- Sentinel loop
- Toxic megacolon
- Causes of toxic megacolon
- Toxic megacolon
- Mechanical bowel obstruction
- Types of mechanical obstruction
- Emphysematous infections and Fournier gangrene
- Fournier gangrene
Small bowel obstruction
Causes, signs, strangulation, and intussusception
- The burden and causes
- Causes of small bowel obstruction
- Radiograph findings of SBO
- Small bowel obstruction on conventional radiographs
- CT in small bowel obstruction
- Small bowel obstruction on CT
- Strangulation and volvulus
- Intussusception
- Enteroenteric intussusception
- Transient intussusception
- Gallstone ileus
Large bowel obstruction
Volvulus, fecal impaction, and pseudo-obstruction
- Large bowel obstruction basics
- Causes of large bowel dilatation
- Sigmoid volvulus
- Sigmoid volvulus
- Cecal volvulus
- Cecal volvulus
- Fecal impaction and pseudo-obstruction
Bowel ischemia and infarction
A true emergency and the sign of pneumatosis
- A true emergency
- Causes of bowel ischemia
- CT findings of ischemia
- Pneumatosis intestinalis
- Pneumatosis intestinalis with colon infarction
Abdominal trauma
CT findings in blunt abdominal injury
- CT and FAST in trauma
- Blood, clot, and active bleeding
- Hemoperitoneum and sentinel clot
- Organ injuries
- Active hemorrhage from liver laceration
- Renal infarction
Lymphadenopathy
Node assessment and abdominal lymphoma
- Assessing lymph nodes
- Upper limits of normal lymph node size by location
- How nodes look on each modality
- Hodgkin lymphoma
- Hodgkin lymphoma
- Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD)
Abdominopelvic tumors and masses
Peritoneal, retroperitoneal, and miscellaneous masses
- Peritoneal mesothelioma and metastases
- Peritoneal metastases
- Extramedullary hematopoiesis and lymphangiomas
- Extramedullary hematopoiesis
- Primary retroperitoneal neoplasms
- Liposarcoma
- Retroperitoneal fibrosis
- Retroperitoneal fibrosis
- Foreign bodies and retained sponges
- Retained surgical sponge
- Abscesses
- Abscess
Hernias of the abdominal wall
Definitions and types of abdominal wall defects
- Hernia definitions
- Incarcerated inguinal hernia
- Other abdominal wall hernias
HIV and AIDS in the abdomen
Opportunistic infections and AIDS-related tumors
- HIV basics
- From HIV infection to AIDS
- CD4 count and diagnosis
- Opportunistic infections
- Kaposi sarcoma
- AIDS-related lymphoma
Takeaways
Patterns that guide imaging interpretation
- Takeaways
- Suggested readings
- Suggested readings (continued)
- Brant and Helms' Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology