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The first 25 slides, exactly as they appear. The full deck has 121 content slides.
Maxillofacial Surgery
The Mandible
Built from Facial Aesthetics — Concepts and Clinical Diagnosis
What’s inside
9 sections · 121 slides
Overview
- What this deck covers
Anatomy and subunits
What the bone is made of, and the names for each part
- Why this one bone matters so much
- The mandible seen from three angles
- The two main parts
- The mandible broken into subunits
- The subunits of the mandible
- The condylar process
- Bone that holds the teeth
- What happens after the teeth go
- The toothless profile drawn by Leonardo
- The lower edge and the bony chin
The shape of the mandible
Gonial angle, growth rotations and the lower border
- Shape follows the pattern of the deformity
- The angle of the jaw corner
- 124 +/- 6
- Reading the jaw corner
- A sharp jaw corner versus an open one
- Splitting the angle to find the culprit
- Upper and lower parts of the jaw angle
- Why the jaw swings as it grows
- The two directions of mandibular rotation
- Forward and backward rotation of the jaw
- Seven bone signs that predict the swing
- Björk's seven structural signs indicating the pattern of mandibular growth rotation
- Where the seven growth signs are found
- The line between face and neck
- Why the lower border loses definition
- A blurred jaw-to-neck line
- Working up and correcting the lower border
Size and position
Absolute dimensions, position in the face, and useful proportions
- How big a normal mandible is
- Where mandibular dimensions are measured
- Reading the normal dimension table
- Normal mandibular dimensions (white Caucasian adults)
- Normal mandibular dimensions (white Caucasian adults) (continued)
- One number that predicts surgery
- Three ways to judge where the jaw sits
- Normal values for mandibular position
- When population norms do not fit the patient
- Three proportions worth memorising
- A small jaw can still be well proportioned
Mandibular deficiency
A lower jaw that is, or only looks, set too far back
- The complaint that brings Class II patients in
- Two roads to a retruded chin
- True sagittal mandibular deficiency
- Relative (apparent) mandibular deficiency
- Check the upper jaw before you plan
- Face height changes the whole picture
- Short lower face: the chin and the lip
- Short lower face: lip shape and jaw corners
- Short lower face: inside the mouth
- Retruded chin with a short lower face
- Long lower face: the jaw rotates away
- How a long face worsens a Class II jaw
- Long lower face: the lips
- Long lower face: fold, corners and teeth
- Retruded chin with a long lower face
- The same jaw problem, two faces
Mandibular excess
A lower jaw that is, or only looks, set too far forward
- Class III runs in families
- The most famous family jaw in history
- The Hapsburg jaw in royal portraits
- An early attempt to hold the jaw back
- The complaint that brings Class III patients in
- An attractive profile beside a Class III profile
- Two roads to a prominent chin
- True sagittal mandibular excess
- Careful with the word 'prognathism'
- Relative (apparent) mandibular excess
- A jaw that has over-closed
- Posturing the jaw forward to find a comfortable bite
- Examining true mandibular excess
- Broad lower face in mandibular excess
- The masking test
- Masking the lower jaw to judge the midface
- Chin position in mandibular excess
- Chin prominence in profile
- The lower lip in mandibular excess
- Lower lip before and after two-jaw surgery
- How straightening the incisors pushes the lip out
- Lips, rotation and face height
- Under the chin: the submental region
- Shortening the jaw blunts the under-chin line
- Inside the mouth in Class III
- How the teeth tip to hide a Class III jaw
- Measuring how much prominence people accept
- What the raters accepted
- Whose opinion should count
Transverse relationships
Facial width, the jaw corners and the chewing muscle
- The rule of fifths
- A lower face that is too wide
- When the chewing muscle reshapes the bone
- Bone build-up at the jaw corners from an enlarged masseter
- Normal widths across the jaw
Mandibular asymmetries
When one half of the jaw grows differently from the other
- Where a lopsided jaw comes from
- Rule out disease first
- The Obwegeser and Makek classification
- Reading the classification
- What drives the abnormal growth
- Hyperplasia and elongation side by side
- Hemimandibular hyperplasia: the bone
- Hemimandibular hyperplasia: teeth and bite
- Hemimandibular hyperplasia: the face
- A hemimandible grown taller on one side
- The bite plane tips down on the affected side
- Hemimandibular elongation: a different disease
- Hemimandibular elongation: what stays normal
- A hemimandible grown longer on one side
- Telling the two apart
- Hybrid forms
- Combined hyperplasia and elongation
- Unilateral condylar hyperplasia
- “
How much asymmetry gets noticed
Attractiveness research, thresholds and the shape of the curve
- Testing how asymmetry is judged
- What the raters saw
- -3%
- Two thresholds hidden in the data
- Perceptive and intervention thresholds plotted
- Why the curve bends upward
- 10x
- What the numbers are actually for
- Take home messages
- Take home messages
- References
- References (continued)
- Facial Aesthetics: Concepts and Clinical Diagnosis, 2nd Edition