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ENT
Trauma to the Nose, Paranasal Sinuses, and Facial Skeleton
Built from Behrbohm — Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases with Head and Neck Surgery
What’s inside
8 sections · 58 slides
Overview
- What this topic covers
Trauma to the Nose
The most common midfacial fracture
- What a nasal fracture is, and why it is so common
- Clinical features: what the injured nose shows
- Two kinds of nasal injury
- Making the diagnosis
- CT of a comminuted nasal bone fracture
- The trap: injuries that hide
Repositioning Nasal Bone Fractures
Getting the bones back in line before they set
- Timing a simple, closed fracture
- Repositioning by direction of the blow
- The repositioning technique
- External splint immobilising a nasal fracture
- Managing a compound (open) nasal fracture
- When open surgical repositioning is required
- Complications of nasal fractures
Midface and Sinus Trauma
High-speed injuries to the central face
- How midface injuries happen in a road accident
- Maxillary fractures: the pattern
- The three Le Fort levels of midface fracture
- The Le Fort classification of midface fractures
- Reading the Le Fort levels
- Examining the fractured midface
- Bimanual palpation of the central midface
- First priorities: the ABC of traumatology
- Definitive midface surgery and the rhinologist's role
- Fractures of the zygoma and bony orbit
- Anatomy of a zygomatic (cheekbone) fracture
- Clinical features of a zygomatic fracture
- Diagnosing the zygomatic fracture
- Repositioning and plating a zygomatic fracture
- Treating the zygomatic fracture
Isolated Blow-out Fracture
When the orbital floor gives way
- What a blow-out fracture is
- Mechanism and repair of a blow-out fracture
- Clinical features and diagnosis
- Endoscopic view of a blow-out fracture
- Treating the blow-out fracture
Barotrauma of the Sinuses
Injury from pressure, not impact
- Pressure injury to the sinuses
- Treating and preventing sinus barotrauma
Frontobasal Injury
Fractures reaching the anterior cranial fossa
- What a frontobasal injury is and why it is dangerous
- Escher classification of frontobasal fractures
- Cardinal clinical features
- Typical fracture lines of the anterior skull base
- Proving a CSF leak
- When to operate: three groups of indication
- Surgical routes to the frontobasal region
- The operation, and when to watch and wait
- Complications of frontobasal injury
Associated Injuries
Tear system, mandible, and facial nerve
- Relationship of the tear-drainage system to the nose
- Lacrimal system and mandibular injuries
- Three things to carry away
- Summary: reading facial trauma
- Ear, Nose, and Throat Diseases: With Head and Neck Surgery