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The first 25 slides, exactly as they appear. The full deck has 172 content slides.
ENT
Rhinitis, rhinosinusitis, nasal polyps, sinus surgery, and the complications of sinus infection
Built from Behrbohm — Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases with Head and Neck Surgery
What’s inside
15 sections · 172 slides
Overview
- What this topic teaches you
- The one idea that ties the whole topic together
Infections of the Skin of the Nose
Disease confined mainly to the external nose and its danger zone
- The external nose can catch ordinary skin diseases
- Nasal eczema
- Folliculitis and nasal furuncle
- Nasal furuncle of the nasal tip
- Why a boil on the nose is genuinely dangerous
- Treating folliculitis and furuncle of the nose
- Frostbite, burns, and erysipelas of the nose
- Acute and chronic erysipelas of facial skin
- Rhinophyma: the bulbous 'W.C. Fields' nose
- Rhinophyma of the nasal tip
- Tuberculosis of the nose and lupus vulgaris
- Lupus vulgaris of the nose
- Sarcoidosis of the nose
- Syphilis of the nose
- Syphilitic saddle nose
- Rhinoscleroma and leprosy of the nose
- Rhinoscleroma of the nose
Acute and Chronic Rhinitis
Inflammation of the lining inside the nose
- Acute rhinitis and the common cold
- Cold: pathogens, diagnosis, and treatment
- Purulent rhinosinusitis on endoscopy
- Allergic rhinitis
- Airborne pollen exposure calendar
- Diagnosing and treating allergic rhinitis
- How specific immunotherapy works, and its results
- Idiopathic chronic rhinitis
- Neural regulation of the nasal mucosa
- Foreign bodies in the nose
- Long-retained foreign body of the nose and sinuses
- Non-specific chronic inflammation of the nasal mucosa
- Dry mucosa in chronic atrophic rhinitis
- Treating chronic non-specific rhinitis
- Rhinitis of pregnancy and rhinitis medicamentosa
- Chronic atrophic rhinitis and ozena
- Ozena with crusting of an atrophic nasal cavity
Nasal Vasculitis and Granulomas
Destructive inflammations that mimic infection or tumor
- Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA)
- Granulomatosis with polyangiitis in a young patient
- GPA: diagnosis and treatment
- Cocaine-induced vasculitis
- Lethal midline destructive lesion / T-cell lymphoma
- Midline destructive lesion of the central face
- Rare inflammatory diseases of the nose
Local Conservative Treatment
Physical and medical therapy of the upper airway
- Why the upper airway suits local treatment
- Inhalation therapy: steam versus true aerosol
- Thermal, spa, and saline treatment
- Principles of topical drug application
- The main drug groups used in the nose
Acute Rhinosinusitis
Infection of the sinuses, sinus by sinus
- Why we say 'rhinosinusitis', not 'sinusitis'
- Pathogens and first empirical antibiotics
- Defining acute rhinosinusitis and AECRS
- Ethmoidal sinusitis: the crossroads of sinus disease
- The anterior ethmoid, hub of sinus disease
- Cell formations that cause recurrent sinusitis
- Ethmoidal sinusitis: imaging and treatment
- Ethmoidal sinusitis and its orbital risk in children
- Early orbital complication with ethmoid sinusitis on CT
- Maxillary sinusitis: the downstream cheek sinus
- Track of pus in purulent maxillary sinusitis
- Chronic rhinosinusitis with hyperplastic mucosa on CT
- Treating maxillary sinusitis
- Frontal sinusitis: severe forehead pain
- Frontal sinus empyema and blocked anterior ethmoid
- Frontal sinusitis: treatment
- Sphenoid sinusitis: the hidden deep sinus
- Polyp in the sphenoethmoidal recess
- Sphenoid sinusitis: diagnosis and treatment
- Pansinusitis: all the sinuses at once
- Endoscopic pansinus surgery for diffuse polyposis
Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Polyps
Long-standing inflammation, endotypes, and polyp disease
- Chronic rhinosinusitis vs acute
- Endotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis
- Biologics for chronic rhinosinusitis
- Indications for biologic therapy in CRSwNP
- Chronic hyperplastic rhinosinusitis: the immune model
- Why surgery alone cannot cure CRS
- Nasal polyps: what they are and where they come from
- How common are nasal polyps?
- Phases in the development of a nasal polyp
- The eosinophilic granulocyte
- Nasal polyps: mechanisms and the united-airway link
- Various types of nasal polyp
- Diagnosing nasal polyps
- Treating nasal polyps: a stepwise strategy
- Topical steroid effect on a large nasal polyp
- Decision algorithm for the treatment of nasal polyposis
- Endoscopic sinus procedure for polyp removal
- EGPA (Churg-Strauss) and rhinosinusitis in HIV
Rhinogenous Headache and Facial Pain
Telling sinus pain from the many mimics
- Rhinogenous headache
- Rhinogenic headache from a blocked ethmoid
- Chronic facial pain: a careful, structured history
- Is the pain sinogenic or not?
- Neuralgias that cause facial pain
Principles of Sinus Surgery
Endoscopic and external approaches to the paranasal sinuses
- Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS)
- Mucociliary transport through the lateral nasal wall
- Confluence of secretion tracks at the maxillary ostium
- Indications and the logic of mucosa-sparing surgery
- Nasal endoscopy revealing minimal mucosal pathology
- Navigation-supported endoscopic sphenoid surgery
- Infundibulotomy: opening the ethmoid gateway
- Resection of the uncinate process (infundibulotomy)
- Mucosal findings inside the maxillary sinus
- Surgical approach routes to the maxillary sinus
- Caldwell-Luc and intranasal antrostomy
- Radical surgery of the maxillary sinus (Caldwell-Luc)
- Endonasal frontal sinus drainage: the Draf types
- Drainage pathways from the frontal sinus (Draf)
- Endoscopic frontal sinus drainage, Draf I to III
- External frontal sinus surgery
- Surgical approaches to the frontal sinus
- Osteoplastic surgery of the frontal sinus
- Problem regions of the frontal sinus
- Reconstructing the frontal sinus floor (CIM)
- Mucoceles of both frontal sinuses on MRI, and repair
- Traditional (historical) frontal sinus operations
- Principles of the external frontal sinus operations
- Sphenoid sinus surgery and lasers in rhinology
- Osteoma and mucocele of the sphenoid sinus
- View into an operated sphenoid sinus
- Contact and non-contact techniques in laser use
Rhinosinusitis in Children
Different anatomy, immunology, and clinical picture
- Why childhood sinusitis is different
- Development of the paranasal sinuses in children
- Immunology and clinical features in children
- Concha bullosa and narrow ethmoid in a child on CT
- Treating rhinosinusitis in children
- Palpebral edema and subperiosteal abscess in a child
Fungal Diseases of the Sinuses
From harmless colonisation to invasive disease
- A framework for fungal sinus disease
- Non-invasive fungal forms: saprophytic and fungus ball
- Fungus ball in a hypoplastic maxillary sinus
- Invasive fungal disease
The Sinuses and the Rest of the Body
United airways, cystic fibrosis, and ciliary dyskinesia
- United airway disease (sinobronchial syndrome)
- Cystic fibrosis and primary ciliary dyskinesia
Mucoceles and Cysts
Expanding, bone-eroding lesions of the sinuses
- Mucoceles: a slowly expanding trapped mucus sac
- Bilateral frontal sinus mucoceles
- Mucopyocele of the right frontal sinus
- Mucoceles: clinical features and treatment; sinus cysts
- Cyst within the maxillary sinus
Complications of Sinus Infections
When sinusitis breaks out into the orbit, skull, and brain
- Spread to the external soft tissues
- Orbital complications: the Chandler stages
- The main orbital complications arising from the ethmoid
- Periorbital cellulitis versus orbital cellulitis
- Subperiosteal and orbital abscess
- Orbital abscess with hard swelling around the globe
- Related orbital syndromes
- Intracranial complications: routes of spread
- Genesis of intracranial complications of sinusitis
- Epidural and subdural abscess
- Rhinogenous brain abscess
- Purulent leptomeningitis following frontal sinusitis
- Cavernous sinus thrombosis and rhinogenous meningitis
- Bony complications: Pott's puffy tumor
- Genesis of osteomyelitis of the flat skull bones
- Osteomyelitis of the frontal bone and its repair
- Upper-jaw osteomyelitis and facial swelling
Key Takeaways
Pulling the topic together
- The big picture in three ideas
- High-yield facts to carry away
- Consensus documents and named references
- Ear, Nose, and Throat Diseases: With Head and Neck Surgery